Ken Burn’s Country Music | Review

Country Music

Country Music (2019)

PBS

Director: Ken Burns

Main Cast: Peter Coyote


Kan Burns is an awful filmmaker.  Just  awful.  Jeffrey St. Clair long ago wrote (Serpents in the Garden) that “[Burns’] films all construct a pantheon of heroes and anti-heroes, little manufactured dramas of good and evil.” He added that a Burns film is “a fantasy meant for the white suburban audiences who watch his movies[,]” presenting “a feel-good narrative of white patronage and understanding.” (see also “History Blinded by Anti-Socialism”).
Country Music is a documentary mini-series based on the book Country Music U.S.A., and its author Bill Malone seems to be the only academic featured in the series.  There is plenty of good music of course, but it suffers from all the usual problems of a Ken Burns production.  It revisits Johnny Cash in just about every episode (which is fine, at one level, but like the “jazz” series this comes across as pandering and exploiting a popular figure at the expense of an evenhanded treatment with more space for later-arriving and less famous acts).  There is a lot of glowing praise for trite stuff, especially from the 80s, and criticisms (e.g., racism, sexism) are mentioned, if at all, only in a highly compartmentalized and apologetic way — certainly not as lingering and still deeply pervasive structural problems in the genre and society writ large.  In short, it presents the standard “progressive neoliberal” view that if a mere handful of people (Charley Pride, Dolly Parton, etc.) overcame racism and sexism then those problems no longer really exist except as individual failings.  There is also a clear predilection for commentary from celebrity performer talking heads over academics, etc.  But in case you are wondering, yes, Wynton Marsalis is indeed a featured commentator.  Can’t have a country music documentary without him, right?  It could have used some input from Peter Guralnick (author of Lost Highway), but does not feature any input from him.

The episode that dealt with the mid-80s really starkly reveals the limitations of the series.  You can really pinpoint that the acts featured in that episode (Ricky Skaggs, Randy Travis, Reba McEntire, George Strait, Roseanne Cash, etc.) constitute the tipping point when country music started to really suck.  The episode repeats over and over the claim that these artists were returning to their “roots” (the episode is titled “Don’t Get Above Your Raisin’ “).  But this proves to be false, or at least extremely misleading.  Featured commentators do accurately state that in this period mainstream country acts moved away from the strings and backing singers that characterized earlier “countrypolitan” music.  But the falsehood is that they did this to return to some mythical musical “roots”.  Countrypolitan (or the “Nashville Sound”) was mostly about middlebrow, southern, white, working class-focused music appropriating the trappings of urban pop music of the 40s (like Frank Sinatra’s work with Axel Stordahl) to lend an air of sophistication to match rising post-WWII socioeconomic expectations that extended down the socioeconomic hierarchy in an unprecedented way.   In a review of Willie Nelson‘s The Party’s Over (And Other Great Willie Nelson Songs) (1967) I  previously wrote that countrypolitan music

“epitomized the (still racist and sexist) ‘golden age”’of post-WWII American prosperity in which ordinary, uneducated workers saw rising living standards and could see themselves as part of a newly emerging middle class with its own self-styled sophistication — something that might be described as attempting to project an aura of sophistication beyond class boundaries via ideas about ‘proper’ diction and enunciation cribbed from upper classes and merged with lower-class folk/country musical forms.  Looked at another way, the temporary willingness of elite classes to permit rising working and middle classes was fostered by inculcating country music listeners with upper-class values as well as the speech patterns and more urban culture that went along with those values (when elites withdrew their permissive and benevolent attitude starting in the 1970s, the countrypolitan style faded almost in lockstep and is now commonly derided as low-class and unsophisticated).”

Johnny Cash’s The Baron (1981) is sort of a perfect example to illustrate the turn away from what countrypolitan music represented.  Drawing on the work of Historian Jefferson Cowie about the sorts of socioeconomic changes that took place in the 1970s, as evidenced through music and film (Stayin’ Alive: The 1970s and the Last Days of the Working Class [2010]), I wrote that “given a close examination, there is is something to be admired in Cash’s intransigent support of his old New Deal style social optimism against the great weight of the Carter-Thatcher-Reagan era’s neoliberal onslaught against it.”  Cowie has pointed to a dominant narrative of the lone individual failing or having a bittersweet ending trying to break away from the claustrophobic confines of social structures during the early neoliberal era, whereas on The Baron Cash took a kind of Spielbergian view of bringing a family back together, lamenting the loss of solidarity, family, community — that is, anomie.

When you actually listen to the music featured in the Burns episode about mid-80s acts, it is pretty apparent that what was happening was a modernizing effect as the most popular acts substituted sterile, highly compressed/gated, and synthetic 80s productions values from rock/pop music for the old countrypolitan strings and vocal choruses, and they were now utilizing a more highly affected country yodel/twang style of singing that had seemingly little precedent (it wasn’t at all a return to Jimmie Rodgers’ style of blue yodel singing).  They were mostly just appropriating more recent rock/pop fads, with a few entirely new vocal affectations meant to distinguish it from the music of “urban elites” (now constructed as an enemy).  And there is no explicit discussion of the (right-wing populist and reactionary and “Southern Strategy”) politics that go along with this.  Though there were some photos/videos of acts posing with the Reagans and Ed Koch.  What jumped to mind was Thomas Frank’s What’s the Matter With Kansas? (2004) thesis, and maybe Thomas Ferguson and Joel Rogers’s Right Turn (1987) thesis as well.  Anyway, in the Burns series episode, what is not clearly explained is that the invocation of a return to “roots” is not a reference to musical qualities but is more a coded statement about constructing (through musical culture) an identity as a distinct social group opposed to certain (unstated) enemies.  The way that the Burns series takes these statements at face value and refuses to unpack the coded implications is irksome (as Georg Lukács wrote in 1938, “It is an old truth of Marxism that every human activity should be judged according to the objective meaning in the total context, and not according to what the agent believes the importance of his activity to be.”).  And, my my, most of the music in this episode is dreadful.  When they showed some old Ricky Skaggs music video clips my spouse (appropriately) made vomiting sounds.  Oh, and they talk to Roseanne Cash a lot through the series and in this episode she talks about her own career.  My spouse was guffawing at everything she said because it was so transparently false.  The series lets her get away with it (by airing the statements at all, as well as by omitting any critique of her statements).  She claims she was not riding her father’s coattails but this is just completely contradicted by her actions (“I even thought about changing my name” … but she didn’t; she claimed to come to Nashville from LA, but she grew up in the south and had Nashville music business ties; etc.).  As irksome as the episode is, some of the raw material in it at least allows a viewer to compare how earlier era country music was a more honest reflection of rural peasant/working class values (which is not to say all those values were admirable) whereas in the 80s it became more highly disingenuous and cynical and more prone to use coded language to obscure unappealing motivations.  I guess an appraisal of mainstream country music in the 80s calls for an analysis out of Peter Sloterdijk’s Critique of Cynical Reason (1983).

The series does mention media consolidation in the 1990s.  It is discussed for approximately 2 minutes (in a series with eight roughly 2-hour episodes!).  Although some excellent points are raised in those two minutes, the problem is that they are given short shrift when the bulk of the series promotes winner-take-all frameworks, through incessant invocation of rags-to-riches motifs and an unrelenting focus on best-selling artists that presumes sales/profitability is the exclusive yardstick for merit.  As part of those two minutes, the film makes a bizarre claim that the (Billboard?) “Americana” chart was created to capture alternative country in the face of media consolidation.  The way it is discussed in the narrative conflates the “Americana” chart with “alt country” in a misleading way.  They also briefly show a still photograph of the Dixie Chicks in a closing montage, but nothing after 1996 is discussed.  Johnny Cash gets extensive time (yet again) in the final episode.  It wouldn’t surprise me if 1-2 hours of the entire series is devoted to Johnny Cash (at the high end of that range if screen time by Roseanne Cash counts too).  Hugely popular acts from the period like kd lang and Lyle Lovett are not mentioned at all.  Garth Brooks gets a lot of time and much of the commentary by or about him is highly suspect (untenable assertions are taken at face value with no critique or contrasting perspective; my spouse once again guffawed when someone in the film says Garth Brooks refused to let his record label promote him outside the “country” market, as if a musician is willing and able to do that [whatever that really means anyway — does a highway billboard qualify as promotion outside the country market?]).

I guess in the end this makes me wonder if someone has written a good book-length treatment of country music from an interesting critical perspective–the sort of book that does not take self-serving statements at face value and that is willing to question industry motives and apply a kind of “objective” sociological or political science type of analysis (i.e., along the lines of Bourdieu’s Distinction).

Julian Paul Merrill – The Fresh Prince of Wakanda

Link to an article by Julian Paul Merrill:

“The Fresh Prince of Wakanda – a Žižekian Analysis of Black America and Identity Politics”

 

This is a great analysis of The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air!

 

Bonus links: “Quasi Duo Fantasias: A Straussian Reading of ‘Black Panther'” and Review of Black Panther

Gilberto/ Veloso / Gil / Bethânia – Brasil | Review

Brasil

João Gilberto, Caetano Veloso, Gilberto Gil & Maria BethâniaBrasil Philips 6328 382 (1981)


There is an old observation that the (western) musical stars of the 1950s and 60s often struggled for relevance in the 1980s.  Bo Diddley, Little Richard, Johnny Cash, Bob Dylan…these aging stars may have retained some popularity but their work in the 80s is generally critically reviled — and they were definitely less popular and less commercially successful than before.  But why?  My own view is that these changing perceptions and fortunes rested on wider changes in the sociopolitical context, namely the ascendancy of neoliberalism as represented by a shift in a balance of power between labor and capital that undermined the relative power of these stars’ old audiences bases.  At least, all this makes perfect sense when looking at the United States, where those older popular music stars were once associated with revolutionary and iconoclastic new ideas that challenged establishment power.  What about Brazil though?  Brazil was ruled by a reactionary military junta from 1969 to 1985.  Every one of the top billed musicians on this collaborative album Brasil was associated with the (intellectual/middle class) political left — Veloso and Gil were jailed and/or exiled by the junta for a time and Gilberto went into self-imposed exile too.  But by the 1980s, the junta was fading and its power loosening.  In other words, the sociopolitical climate in Brazil was changing in a manner directly opposite to the United States.  No doubt, the junta still held power in 1981 and, in a way, Brazil was changing in order to converge and collaborate with the neoliberal Washington Consensus.  But the sociopolitical vectors here were nonetheless in opposite directions.  This was much like the situation in Spain with the decline of the fascist Franco regime.  So comparisons to, say, the Spanish flamenco artist El Camarón de la Isla are apropos.  New opportunities were presenting themselves in Brazil and Spain that instead seemed to be becoming foreclosed in the United States.

Brasil is a collection of collaborative recordings that speak to a sort of traditional pop sensibility but with a modern (leftist) twist.  Most of the artists here were already starting to drift into irrelevancy, except for João Gilberto who maintained a quite isolated independence and made some of his very best recordings in the coming years.  The problem was also that in the absence of the junta these artists mostly just accommodated themselves to neoliberal imperatives and their music was accordingly listless and vapid, though sometimes adequately mediocre.  But on Brasil there is a spark of challenge.  There is a sense of courage in making a limited yet persistent challenge to the ideology of the reactionary junta.  As someone later said about Greece decades later, “To persist in such a difficult situation and not to leave the field is true courage.”  This album represents a unique historical juncture when challenges to the junta’s regime had potential, and this album reflects those possibilities.  Sure, it occasionally drifts into regrettable synthesized production treatments so common of the day, but only slightly and not to much overall detriment.  The subversive aspect of this album is, unusually, its laid-back demeanor, which instills both a sense of introverted, existential anxiety and a relaxed charm that suggests social changes will still offer an environment that is enjoyable.  It also melds the old and the new in a way that has a high degree of difficulty.

Kristina Betinis – Chicago Symphony Musicians Strike Defies Aristocratic Principle

Link to an article by Kristina Betinis:

“Chicago Symphony Musicians Strike Defies Aristocratic Principle”

Selected Quote:

“A right-wing pressure campaign has been launched to press the musicians into accepting what is declared by the ruling elite to be an incontrovertible social fact: that no worker should receive a decent pension. This idea is advanced as though it were self-evident.”

 

Bonus links: “How the Chicago Symphony Orchestra Won Higher Wages By Playing For Free” and “Ballet Against Austerity”

Heavy Rocks: A Guide to the Music of Boris

A guide to the music of the Japanese band Boris by Syd Fablo and Bruno Bickleby.


Boris [ボリス]

Formed: 1992, Tokyo, Japan

AKA: FangsAnalSatan or Fangs Anal Satan or fangsanalsatan (FAS)

Members: Takeshi [大谷剛 (Ohtani Takeshi)], Wata [水野陽子 Mizuno Yoko], Atsuo [水野敦夫 (Mizuno Atsuo)], Nagata (1992–1996)



A Brief Introduction

Boris was formed in 1992 as a quartet by students at Tokyo University in order to have a band with original member Nagata, who left in 1996.  Although most if not all of their music falls under the category of “rock”, they have performed and recorded music in an unusual number of distinct genres and have devised their own unique sounds that cross genre boundaries.  The tune down three full steps.  In an interview, attempting to encapsulate the band’s approach and talents, Atsuo said, “What we have is based on ‘concept’, ‘texture’, and ‘world view’, and what we are good at is conveying that through musical expression.” Over time, band members have taken up different roles, with Takeshi picking up bass and Wata becoming a vocalist.

As to their recordings, many have been limited edition releases and they can be quite difficult to obtain in many parts of the world.  The band has a proclivity toward alternate versions of releases, as well as re-using the same titles (and even the same or similar cover artwork), that makes their catalog rather esoteric and skewed toward obsessive collectors.  On recordings, they usually capitalize the band’s name for material with more widespread appeal that comes from the “heart of rock” and use lowercase lettering for “experimental rock music that comes from inside and emanates outward” with more limited appeal — the capitalization is meant as a kind of guide for listeners.  “FangsAnalSatan” is an alternate name for the band, to avoid having the name “Boris” appear too frequently, somewhat like the way some Rolling Stones recordings use a “Nanker Phelge” credit.  Although early artworks were more collaborative, eventually Atsuo came to design most of the band’s artwork, which frequently pays homage to releases by other bands through spoofs of notable album artwork.

Releases are presented below in chronological order by recording date (like a sessionography), though precise recording date information was not always available.  Ratings and release information (dates, producer, etc.) on split and various artists compilations is provided only for the Boris recording(s).  Genres are listed, though these are naturally a judgment call and not meant to be definitive.  Boris operates across many genres, and on any given recording they may also blur the lines between genres.



Legend:

♥♥♥ = top-tier; an essential 

♥♥ = second tier; enjoyable but more for the confirmed fan; worthwhile after you’ve explored the essentials and still want more or if you have a particular interest in the featured genre(s)

♥ = third tier; a less significant album, more for completists, with perhaps only one or so notable songs



The Early Years: 1992-1999


1st Demo

1st Demo (1993)

Alternate Version Notes: selected tracks reissued on Archive II and Volume Zero “Early Demo”

Studio/Live:

Recorded:

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


Take Care of Scabbard Fish

Various Artists – Take Care of Scabbard Fish (1994)

Alternate Version Notes: N/A

Studio/Live:

Recorded:

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Water Porch”

Review:


2nd Demo (1993)

Alternate Version Notes: at least selected tracks reissued on Archive II and Volume Zero “Early Demo”

Studio/Live:

Recorded:

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


3rd Demo (1994)

Alternate Version Notes: alternately titled Fangs Anal Satan Vol II — 4/2 Live!!, which included an image on the cassette in tribute to Flipper‘s logo; reissued on Archive II and Volume Zero “Early Demo”; two tracks reissues as bonus tracks on CD version of Barebones/Boris split

Studio/Live: Live

Recorded:

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


Eat the Chaos
Various Artists – Eat the Chaos (1995)

Alternate Version Notes: Studio version of the song recorded live on 3rd Demo

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded:

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Mosquito”

Review:


From Koenji to Eternity

Various Artists – From Koenji to Eternity (1996)

Alternate Version Notes:

Studio/Live:

Recorded:

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Vacuum”

Review:


Absolutego (1996)

Alternate Version Notes: Expanded and remastered version released with different CD and vinyl artwork as Absolutego+ (Special Low Frequency Version) and Absolutego+ (b/w Dronevil2); the remastering gave the recording more low end and a different sound than the original; Absolutego+ (Special Low Frequency Version) initially came in an orange jewel case which was later switched to a clear jewel case, and Absolutego+ (b/w Dronevil2) also came in a red vinyl version

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded:  July 1996; reissue bonus track: 1997, Sound Square, Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka, Japan

Producer(s): Boris

Genre(s): Drone doom

Tier: ♥♥

Key Track(s):

Review: Absolutego has to rank as one of the most audacious debut long-players in the annals of rock. (It has been claimed that the group considers it a “single,” which is how it is described on the sticker affixed to the front cover of the 2020 Third Man Records vinyl reissue. But given its subsequent 2LP length, “album” is the more appropriate descriptor.) Drawing equally from American predecessors the Melvins (whose song “Boris” served as inspiration for the group’s name) and Earth, Boris here manages to carve out their own distinctive niche within the “heavy rock” arts. The bulk of the 60-minute, album-length track consists of a slow, dungeonous, six-note riff, delivered with brute force by bassist [Ohtani] Takeshi. There is something of a bridge around the 25 minute mark that lasts for five minutes only to return to the six-note motif. 40 minutes in, this riff gives way to eardrum-shattering feedback, which takes the up the remaining 20 minutes of the recording. As an opening salvo, Absolutego is nothing short of a dare, the kind of brilliant, confrontational instrumental music guaranteed to separate the dabblers from the aficionados. Note: the last twenty minutes of the track can test even the most enthusiastic noise lover’s patience!!!


Barebones / Boris – Barebones / Boris (1996) [EP]

Alternate Version Notes: CD reissue has different cover artwork and appends two bonus tracks from Boris’ 3rd Demo

Studio/Live:

Recorded:

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


See Archive II


"Untitled" / "Mass Mercury"

Tomsk 7 / Boris – “Untitled” / “Mass Mercury” (1997) [Single; split]

Alternate Version Notes: N/A

Studio/Live:

Recorded: April to May, 1997

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Mass Mercury”

Review:


A Tribute to Evangelion

Various Artists – A Tribute to Evangelion (1997)

Alternate Version Notes:

Studio/Live:

Recorded:

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s): “調弦”

Review:


see Scott Slimm Presents: Archive (Vols. 1 and 2)


Black: Implication Flooding

Keiji Haino with Boris – black: implication flooding (1998)

Alternate Version Notes: N/A

Studio/Live: Live

Recorded: August 31, 1997, Koenji 20000V, Tokyo, Japan

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


Live! Amplifier Worship

Live! Amplifier Worship (2021)

Alternate Version Notes: N/A

Studio/Live: Live

Recorded: May 24, 1997 and May 16, 1998, Koenji 20000V, Tokyo, Japan; July 26, 1998, Hakata VivleHall, Fukuoka, Japan

Producer(s):

Genre(s): Sludge metal

Tier: ♥

Key Track(s): “Hama”

Review: If you want Boris at their sludge metal-y-est, then congrats, you have come to the right place!


Amplifier Worship (1998)

Alternate Version Notes: re-released multiple times with alternate cover art, and the tracks are sequenced different on CD and vinyl, but the recordings are identical; “Huge” included on Let There Be Doom

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: August–September 1998, Sound Crew

Producer(s): Boris

Genre(s): Sludge metal, Drone doom

Tier: ♥

Key Track(s): “Huge”

Review:


Choukoku no Niwa / Boris – More Echoes, Touching Air Landscape (1999) [Split; solo EP]

Alternate Version Notes: reissued in 2006 with different artwork but identical recordings; reissued again in 2021 as a stand-alone Boris-only solo EP with live bonus tracks entitled Kanau Re-master + Live

Studio/Live: Studio (and Live [Re-master + Live reissue only])

Recorded: “Kanau”: Part 2 recorded May 2 and 3, 1999, Sound Crew; Part 1 recorded May 16 and 23, 1999, Sound Square, Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka, Japan; [Boris studio recordings only]; December 27, 1998, Koenji 20000V, Tokyo, Japan [reissue Boris live bonus tracks]

Producer(s): Boris

Genre(s): Minimalism, Drone doom

Tier: ♥

Key Track(s): “Kanau, Part 1 (Live)” [reissue bonus track]

Review:  A transitional effort.  “Part 2” is an extension of the band’s early recordings, featuring a repetitive and oh-so-slightly motorik style of sludgey drone doom metal.  “Part 1” is an almost ambient minimalist drone piece.  It is that opener that suggests other interests the band would pursue in the coming years.  But it is just an early effort and is somewhat rudimentary in comparison to what came later.  The live “Part 1” bonus track on the reissue is arguably more interesting than the studio counterpart, adding synthesizer in a way that hints toward later Merzbow collaborations.  While the Boris tracks here are decent, when looking back in hindsight, listeners may want to pass over this in favor of later recordings and only return to this if interested in the roots of the more fully developed later recordings.



International Recognition: 2000-2008


flood

flood (2000)

Alternate Version Notes: Some copies mastered as a single track, others divided into four tracks

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: September 2000, Bazooka Studio, Tokyo, Japan

Producer(s): Boris

Genre(s): Post rock, Minimalism

Tier: ♥♥

Key Track(s): “flood, Part 2”

Review:


Up Jumped the Devil: Tribute to Robert Johnson

Up Jumped the Devil: Tribute to Robert Johnson (2000)

Alternate Version Notes:

Studio/Live:

Recorded:

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Me and the Devil Blues”

Review:


Scott Slimm Presents: Archive (2005)

Alternate Version Notes: released as a 3-disc set and as individual discs: Archive: Boris Volume One “Live 96-98,” Archive: Boris Volume Two “Drumless Shows,” and Archive: Boris Volume Three”2 Long Songs”.  The three-disc set was re-issued with new artwork and in remastered form as Archive I, and the individual remastered discs were also re-issued with new artwork in 2020.

Studio/Live: Live

Recorded: June 21, December 21, 1996, August 8, 1997, August 2, 1998, and May 3, 2001, Koenji 20000V, Tokyo, Japan; August 9, 1997, Nagoya Music Farm, Nagoya, Japan; October 4, 1997, Shinjyuku Loft, Tokyo, Japan

Producer(s): Scott Slimm

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


Heavy Rocks

Heavy Rocks (2002)

Alternate Version Notes: This album has an orange cover and is sometimes identified as “Heavy Rocks (2002)” to distinguish the 2011 album of the same name with a nearly identical purple cover that contains entirely different music.

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: July to September, 2001, Bazooka Studio, Tokyo, Japan

Producer(s): Boris

Genre(s): Sludge metal

Tier: ♥♥

Key Track(s): “1970,” “Death Valley,” “Korosu”

Review:


1970 / ワレルライド

“1970” / “ワレルライド” (2002) [Single]

Alternate Version Notes: These are alternate takes of songs that appeared on Heavy Rocks (2002)

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: July to September, 2001, Bazooka Studio, Tokyo, Japan

Producer(s):

Genre(s): Sludge metal

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


Mangrove2002

Various Artists – Mangrove2002 (2002)

Alternate Version Notes:

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: June to September, 2001, Bazooka Studio, Tokyo, Japan

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Dronevil”

Review:


megatone

boris with merzbowmegatone (2002)

Alternate Version Notes: N/A

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: 2000 to 2001, Bedroom, Itabashi; 2001, Sound Square, Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka, Japan

Producer(s): Boris with Merzbow

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


Walrus / Groon

Boris with MerzbowWalrus / Groon (2007) [EP]

Alternate Version Notes: Issued on various differently colored vinyl; the album cover pays tribute to Yes‘ album Close to the Edge

Studio/Live: Studio [?]

Recorded: 2001

Producer(s): Boris with Merzbow

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


04092001

Boris with Merzbow04092001 (2005)

Alternate Version Notes: N/A

Studio/Live: Live

Recorded: September 4, 2001, Milk, Tokyo, Japan

Producer(s): Boris with Merzbow

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


Documentary of "Akuma no Uta"

Documentary of “Akuma no Uta” (2021)

Alternate Version Notes: This is an archival release of basically a demo rehearsal and rough/rush mixes of recordings for the album Akuma no Uta that the band described as a “member reference of the recording process.”

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: January to March, 2003, Peace Music, Tokyo, Japan

Producer(s): Boris

Genre(s): Sludge metal

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


あくまのうた [Akuma no Uta] (2003)

Alternate Version Notes: Re-released in 2005 with new artwork and expanded and modified contents.  The most common reissue had a cover (or picture disc) that paid tribute to Nick Drake‘s Bryter Layter, and was expanded by seven minutes to have the same total runtime as the Drake album.  300 copies of an alternate artwork vinyl picture disc paid tribute to Venom‘s Welcome To Hell.  On reissues, an alternate version of the opening “Introduction” is used.  “Ibitsu” was also released on the split single The Dudley Corporation / Boris.

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: January to March, 2003, Peace Music, Tokyo, Japan

Producer(s): Boris

Genre(s): Sludge metal

Tier: ♥♥♥

Key Track(s): “Ibitsu,” “フリー [Furi],” “無き曲 [Naki Kyoku],” “あくまのうた [Akuma No Uta]”

Review:


boris at last -feedbacker- (2003)

Alternate Version Notes: There is different artwork between CD and vinyl versions.  Also, some CDs are mastered as a single track, others divided into five tracks.  An edit of the song appears on the soundtrack The Limits of Control There is a DVD (and subsequent digital album) Bootleg – Feedbacker- that is actually an official release of a live performance of the album

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: July to October, 2003, Peace Music, Tokyo, Japan

Producer(s): Boris

Genre(s): Drone, Noise, Drone doom, Post rock

Tier: ♥♥♥

Key Track(s): [entire album is essentially a single song/piece]

Review:


目をそらした瞬間 -the thing which solomon overlooked-

目をそらした瞬間 -the thing which solomon overlooked- (2004)

Alternate Version Notes: Included in the remastered compilation 目をそらした瞬間 -the thing which solomon overlooked- chronicle

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: 2004, Sound Square, Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka, Japan

Producer(s): Boris

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


dronevil (2005)

Alternate Version Notes: CD reissue has different artwork, is remastered, and adds two additional tracks

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: 2004, Sound Square, Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka, Japan

Producer(s): Boris

Genre(s): Drone, Post rock

Tier: ♥♥

Key Track(s): “泣きたがるスピード the evilone which sobs” [dronevil -final- only], “ふりおろす evil wave form”

Review:


マブタノウラ sound track from film “mabuta no ura” (2005)

Alternate Version Notes: Inoxia released a vinyl version and Catune released a CD version with different artwork but identical recorded content; Essence released a CD version in Brazil with different and expanded recorded content and also a limited box-set edition that added art prints, flyers, and dried flowers.  The single “a bao a qu” is an extended version of the song from the album.  This is a “fake” soundtrack; there is no film that the music accompanies

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: Winter 2003 to Summer 2004

Producer(s): Boris

Genre(s): Post rock, Minimalism, Noise

Tier:

Key Track(s): “a bao a qu,” “yesterday morning”

Review:


A Bao a qu
“a bao a qu” (2005) [Single]

Alternate Version Notes: extended version of the song on sound track from film “mabuta no ura”; completely different from the song on 目をそらした瞬間 -the thing which solomon overlooked-

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: 2003 and/or 2004

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


Sun Baked Snow Cave

Boris with MerzbowSun Baked Snow Cave (2005)

Alternate Version Notes: N/A

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: 2001–2004

Producer(s): Boris with Merzbow

Genre(s):

Tier: ♥

Key Track(s):

Review:


bootleg -feedbacker- remaster

bootleg -feedback- remaster (2021)

Alternate Version Notes: Remastered digital album of prior DVD video release

Studio/Live: Live

Recorded: Oct. 16, 2004, VICE Magazine 10th Anniversary Party, Skylight, New York, NY, USA

Producer(s): Boris

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


Klatter

Boris with MerzbowKlatter (2011) [EP]

Alternate Version Notes: N/A

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: December, 2004, Sound Square, Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka, Japan

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


Vein (2006)

Alternate Version Notes: Initially released simultaneously as two more or less entirely different albums with the same title and artwork, these are referred to as the “Hardcore Version” and “Drone Version”; in 2013 a 2CD version was released (on 3 inch mini CDs; later reissued in digital/streaming formats) that intermingled material from both prior Vein albums in edited format, rather than reissuing each prior version on a separate disc as the packaging implies

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: 2004; 2004-2013 (2CD reissue)

Producer(s): Boris

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


Pink (2005)

Alternate Version Notes: Diwphalanx CD and vinyl versions have different artwork but identical contents; the Southern Lord CD has an expanded runtime with the same track sequencing; the Southern Lord vinyl has the same runtime as the Southern Lord CD but with a different track sequencing; the Sargent House/Daymare Deluxe Editions (CD/vinyl) follow the respective Southern Lord CD/vinyl editions and add a bonus disc (“Forbidden Songs”) of previously unreleased outtakes

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: 2005, Sound Square, Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka, Japan

Producer(s): Boris

Genre(s): Sludge metal

Tier: ♥♥

Key Track(s): “ぬるい炎 [Afterburner],” “スクリーンの女 [Woman on the Screen],” “PINK”

Review:


Sunn O))) & Boris – Altar (2006)

Alternate Version Notes: Released as a single disc and as a 2CD or 3LP version with “Altar Prelude” bonus disc; Japanese CD versions include the bonus track “The Sinking Belle (Black Sheep)” and Japanese 3LP versions include the bonus track “The Sinking Belle (White Sheep)”; Southern Lord 3LP editions came in differently colored vinyl or a picture disc; dedicated website (archived)

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: October 2005, [Studio] Litho; December 2005, Aleph [Studio]

Producer(s): Sunn O)))

Genre(s): Drone doom, Post rock

Tier: ♥

Key Track(s): “Her Lips Were Wet With Venom (satanoscillatemymetallicsonatas)” [Southern Lord 2CD version only]

Review:


We Got Actions Too

 Various Artists ‎– We Got Actions Too (2006)

Alternate Version Notes: Japanese CD versions of Altar included “The Sinking Belle (Blue Sheep)” as a bonus track

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded:

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s): Sunn O))) & Boris – “The Sinking Belle (Blue Sheep)”

Review:


目をそらした瞬間 2 -the thing which solomon overlooked 2-

目をそらした瞬間 2 -the thing which solomon overlooked 2- (2006)

Alternate Version Notes: Copies pressed in orange and green clear vinyl; included in the remastered compilation 目をそらした瞬間 -the thing which solomon overlooked- chronicle

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: 2006

Producer(s): Boris

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


目をそらした瞬間 3 -the thing which solomon overlooked 3-

目をそらした瞬間 3 -the thing which solomon overlooked 3- (2006)

Alternate Version Notes: Copies pressed in orange and light blue clear vinyl; included in the remastered compilation 目をそらした瞬間 -the thing which solomon overlooked- chronicle

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: 2006

Producer(s): Boris

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


Archive II

Archive II (2014)

Alternate Version Notes: Includes reissued songs from the first three demos, plus previously unreleased live recordings; the contents of this collection were later released separately on Volume Zero “Early Demo”, Volume Four “Evil Stack Live”, and Volume Five “Pink Days”

Studio/Live: Live (and Studio for demos?)

Recorded: 1993-1994; March 1 and 2, 1996, Capitol Theater, Olympia, WA, USA; May 15, 2003, radio station, Tokyo, Japan; May 31, 2006, The Annex, New York, NY, USA

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


Boris with Michio KuriharaRainbow (2006)

Alternate Version Notes: Drag City reissue has alternate artwork and replaces “…And, I Want” with “No Sleep Till I Become Hollow”; Inoxia single LP edition follows original Pedal version; Inoxia 2LP box set features the Pedal version of the album on clear vinyl, a bonus disc containing two bonus ambient tracks on clear vinyl, a DVD featuring the music video for “Rainbow,” and a 50-page photo book; there is also a promo-only Drag City version with still further alternate (stock) artwork; “Fuzzy Reactor” also appears on the soundtrack The Limits of Control.

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: January to July 2006, Peace Music, Tokyo, Japan

Producer(s): fangsanalsatan & Souichirou Nakamura

Genre(s):

Tier: ♥

Key Track(s): “Rainbow [Arco-Íris],” “You Laughed Like a Water Mark [Você Sorriu Como Uma Marca D’Água]”

Review:


Cloud Chamber

Boris with Michio KuriharaCloud Chamber (2008)

Alternate Version Notes: N/A

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: 2006, Peace Music, Tokyo, Japan

Producer(s): Souichirou Nakamura and fangsanalsatan

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


Long Hair and Tights

Doomriders vs Boris – Long Hair and Tights (2007) [split]

Alternate Version Notes: Issued on red and yellow clear vinyl; initial 300 copies came with a stencil

Studio/Live: Live

Recorded: October 19 or 31, 2006, Slim’s, San Francisco, CA, USA

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


Damaged

Boris vs SBGMDamaged (2007) [EP + DVD; split]

Alternate Version Notes: N/A

Studio/Live: Studio (vinyl), live (DVD)

Recorded: September 11, 2006, Northsix, New York, NY, USA; 2007

Producer(s):

Genre(s): Hardcore punk

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Damaged 3”

Review:


Boris with MerzbowRock Dream (2007)

Alternate Version Notes: Southern Lord versions feature different artwork and packaging; Southern Lord vinyl version includes bonus track “Dyna-soar”

Studio/Live: Live

Recorded: November, 2006, Earthdom Festival, Tokyo, Japan

Producer(s): Boris, Merzbow

Genre(s): Sludge metal, Noise

Tier: ♥♥♥

Key Track(s): “Rainbow,” “Ibitsu”

Review:


不透明度 -You Laughed Like a Water Mark-

Boris with Michio Kurihara – 不透明度 -You Laughed Like a Water Mark- (2018)

Alternate Version Notes:

Studio/Live: Live

Recorded: February 4, 2007, Shimokitazawa, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


Invocation of Sacred Resonance I

Various Artists – Invocation of Sacred Resonance I (2008)

Alternate Version Notes: The Boris song also appeared on the promo-only digital release Choice Cuts From Releases On Southern Lord 2000 – Present!

Studio/Live: Live

Recorded: October 16, 2007, Echoplex, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


Choice Cuts From Releases On Southern Lord 2000 - Present!

Choice Cuts From Releases On Southern Lord 2000 – Present! (2008)

Alternate Version Notes: This was a promotional-only digital download collection featuring two new live tracks and selected tracks compiled from prior albums, and was originally an exclusive with purchases of Smile from an on-line retailer; “You Were Holding An Umbrella (Live)” also appeared on the contemporaneous various artists label sampler Invocation of Sacred Resonance I

Studio/Live: Live (previously unreleased material)

Recorded: October 16, 2007, Echoplex, Los Angeles, CA, USA (previously unreleased material)

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


Statement

Statement (2008) [Single]

Alternate Version Notes: “Statement” appears on Smile, while the B-side “Floor Shaker” is a Smile outtake that was also released as a free stand-alone digital download from Inoxia Records

Studio/Live:

Recorded:

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Floor Shaker”

Review:


Smile (2008)

Alternate Version Notes: This album exists in two substantially different versions — You Ishihara mixed the Japanese (Diwphalanx) version of the album while Souichiro Nakamura mixed the US (Southern Lord) version — which are so different that some discographies list them as separate and distinct albums; Southern Lord also released a CD version with a bonus DVD containing music videos and added two bonus tracks to the US vinyl edition

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: 2007

Producer(s): Boris, You Ishihara

Genre(s): Sludge metal, Psychedelic rock

Tier: ♥♥

Key Track(s): “メッセージ [Messeeji]” (Japanese version of “Statement”), “BUZZ-IN” (U.S. version)

Review:


Smile -Live in Prague-

Smile -Live in Prague- (2009)

Alternate Version Notes:

Studio/Live: Live

Recorded: May 9, 2008, Palác Akropolis, Prague, Czech Republic

Producer(s):

Genre(s): Hard rock

Tier: ♥♥♥

Key Track(s): “メッセージ -Statement-,” “となりのサターン -My Neighbor Satan-”

Review:  Maybe surprisingly one of the band’s finest live albums.  The Smile world tour was a turning point in the band’s career.  It ended up being something they chose to never repeat. In some ways they shunned that particular avenue for international recognition.  Still, this set recorded in Europe very early in the Smile tour finds the band comfortable performing these songs but at the same time not yet worn down by the grind of touring.  If anything, there is an added bit of energy here that pushes this recording into the top tier.  While not quite a match for the epic Rock Dream, partly due to the absence of Merzbow, this live album is probably superior to either the U.S. or Japanese studio version of Smile on the whole.


Smile -Live at Wolf Creek-

Smile -Live at Wolf Creek- (2008)

Alternate Version Notes: N/A

Studio/Live: Live

Recorded: May, 2008, Wolf Creek, CA, USA

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier: ♥♥

Key Track(s):

Review:


Doggy Style: The Dogs Tribute

Various Artists – Doggy Style: The Dogs Tribute (2008)

Alternate Version Notes:

Studio/Live:

Recorded:

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Slither”

Review:



Re-Invention: 2009-2015


New Album 2009

New Album 2009 (2021)

Alternate Version Notes:

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: 2009, Peace Music, Tokyo, Japan

Producer(s): Boris

Genre(s): Alternative rock, Noise, Pop

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:  According to a press release by the band, “In 2009 following our album ‘Smile’ with a full schedule of touring and appearances at numerous festivals, we began working on ‘New Album 2009’, which was not intended to be released.  This was a period of deep pursuit of an unexplored world of sound, with an engine made from what was processed on the road.  Out of this period came numerous split releases, singles, and transitioned to our 3 albums released in 2011.”  In other words, this is really an archival collection of working demos that saw release only as the band cleared its archives when the COVID-19 pandemic put a halt to regular concerts and tours.  These early working drafts of songs that appeared elsewhere in the coming years—sometimes in multiple alternative versions—are generally less compelling that what they would become.  What is significant about these songs, though, is that they show how pivotal the Smile tour was for everything that the band did later.  The band showed no interest in repeating the Smile tour and even seemed hostile to making the sort of albums that support big international tours.  Instead of delivering on settled expectations, the way music industry promoters encourage, the band sought to defy expectations and branch out into new genres.


Japanese Heavy Rock Hits v1

Japanese Heavy Rock Hits v1 (2009) [Single]

Alternate Version Notes: Re-released in 2021 on the Japanese Heavy Rock Hits compilation with bonus tracks

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: Sound Square, Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka, Japan

Producer(s): Boris

Genre(s):

Tier: ♥♥♥

Key Track(s): “8,” “Hey Everyone”

Review:


Japanese Heavy Rock Hits v2

Japanese Heavy Rock Hits v2 (2009) [Single]

Alternate Version Notes: Re-released in 2021 on the Japanese Heavy Rock Hits compilation with bonus tracks including a re-mix of “H.M.A. -Heavy Metal Addict-”

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: Sound Square, Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka, Japan

Producer(s): Boris

Genre(s):

Tier: ♥♥

Key Track(s):  “H.M.A. -Heavy Metal Addict-“

Review:


Japanese Heavy Rock Hits v3

Japanese Heavy Rock Hits v3 (2009) [Single]

Alternate Version Notes: Re-released in 2021 on the Japanese Heavy Rock Hits compilation with bonus tracks

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: Sound Square, Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka, Japan

Producer(s): Boris

Genre(s): Pop, Post rock

Tier:

Key Track(s): “16:47:52…”

Review:


Japanese Heavy Rock Hits v4

Japanese Heavy Rock Hits v4 (2009) [Single]

Alternate Version Notes: Re-released in 2021 on the Japanese Heavy Rock Hits compilation

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: September, 2008, Bazooka Studio, Tokyo, Japan

Producer(s): Boris

Genre(s): Pop

Tier: ♥♥

Key Track(s): “Seasons”

Review:


Torche x Boris – Chapter Ahead Being Fake (2009) [EP; split]

Alternate Version Notes:

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: Sound Square, Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka, Japan

Producer(s): Boris

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Luna”

Review:


9dw / Boris – Golden Dance Classics (2009) [EP; split]

Alternate Version Notes: Reissued in 2021 with only the Boris material plus two collaborative bonus tracks as Golden Dance Classics +

Studio/Live: Studio (and Live for “あきらめの花 -Akirame Flower-” reissue bonus track)

Recorded: 2009, Peace Music, Tokyo, Japan [Boris material only]; Golden Dance Classics + Bonus Tracks: September 19, 2009, Tokyo, Japan (with Michio Kurihara), December 28, 2015, Daikanyama Unit, Tokyo, Japan (with GOTH-TRAD)

Producer(s): Fangsanalsatan [Boris material only]

Genre(s): Alternative rock

Tier: ♥♥

Key Track(s): “Tokyo Wonder Land”

Review:


Tokyo Wonder Land

Tokyo Wonder Land (2021)

Alternate Version Notes:

Studio/Live: Live

Recorded: September 21, 2009, Shibuya Club Quattro, Tokyo, Japan

Producer(s): Boris

Genre(s): Sludge metal, Drone doom, Alternative rock

Tier: ♥♥

Key Track(s): “トーキョーワンダーランド -Tokyo Wonder Land-,” “feedbacker”

Review: An archival release of a live set from 2009.  This includes a selection of “greatest hits” of sorts from the last few years combined with songs the band was working out as part of the New Album 2009 demos that, in final form, would wind up on releases spanning 2009-2011.  The sound fidelity here is adequate but not great.  The main attraction is to hear the band performing live in a somewhat smaller venue setting mixing up fan favorites with some better new songs that go off in new directions.  So rather than hearing a band tired of performing the same set of old warhorse tunes one more time, there is room here for the musicians to try new things.  On the whole this is a solid live set showcasing the band’s versatility and range that is held back just slightly by the limited fidelity of the recording.


BXI

Boris & Ian AstburyBXI (2010) [EP]

Alternate Version Notes:  Vinyl issued in multiple colors; poster given away with direct orders from the record label

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: 2010, Sound Square, Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka, Japan, Bazooka Studio, Tokyo, Japan

Producer(s): BXI

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Rain”

Review:


Variations (2010)

Alternate Version Notes:

Studio/Live: Studio, live (DVD)

Recorded:

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


New Album (2011)

Alternate Version Notes: Japanese LP version included different versions of five tracks than CD; US CD had different track sequencing than Japanese CD and substitutes the song “Luna” for “Black Original”

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: Sound Square, Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka, Japan

Producer(s): Shinobu Narita

Genre(s): Alternative rock

Tier: ♥♥

Key Track(s): “Flare,” “Spoon”

Review:  An album of alternative rock with a shoegaze/dream-pop sheen that at times hints at pop-punk and electronica.  This is a vaguely mainstream-friendly effort with a sound that portrays a cynical electronic age urban glamor of sorts.  This album might appeal to listeners with no interest whatsoever in Boris’ early work.  The band proves capable of writing and producing music in yet another genre, even if the songwriting is not consistently as catchy as it might be and the vocals just barely hang in there.  Yet the band had added another stylistic tool to their toolbox and would call upon this new style in the coming years.


1985

1985 (2019)

Alternate Version Notes:

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: circa 2011

Producer(s): Boris

Genre(s): Pop, Alternative rock, Hardcore

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Week End Part.01,” “u fu fu”

Review:  Originally a Japanese-only release that later saw a worldwide digital release.  This seems very much like material leftover from efforts for Attention Please and the rest of the 2011 albums.  Many of these songs gravitate toward electronic and funkier rhythms, but with a poppy approachability.  The problem, really, is that some of the songs kind of drag on repetitively, which is perhaps why they ended up here rather than on prior worldwide releases.  That said, the opener “Week End Part.01” is quite decent and “u fu fu” is a fun, poppy hardcore outing.


tears e.p.

tears e.p. (2019) [EP]

Alternate Version Notes:

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: Sound Square, Edamitsu, Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka, Japan

Producer(s): Boris, SADESPER RECORD

Genre(s): Pop, Hardcore

Tier:

Key Track(s): “u fu fu,” “Peaches”

Review:  Poppy material that most likely is archival stuff from the 1985 album era.  “u fu fu” is the clear highlight (it previously appeared on 1985).  Though “Peaches” is fun and features a kitschy repetitive incantation in the tradition of stuff like Beans Hambone & El Morrow‘s “Beans,” Alva Rogers“Pizza Party”, and, of course, the The Presidents of the United States of America‘s mid-1990s novelty hit “Peaches.”


Attention Please

Attention Please (2011)

Alternate Version Notes: LP also issued in clear vinyl; “Hope” also released as a single

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: Sound Square, Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka, Japan

Producer(s): Boris

Genre(s): Alternative rock, Pop

Tier: ♥♥

Key Track(s): “アテンションプリーズ [Attention Please],” “トーキョーワンダーランド [Tokyo Wonder Land]”

Review:


Heavy Rocks (2011)

Alternate Version Notes: The 2LP version features extended versions of the songs “Missing Pieces” and “Czechoslovakia.”

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: 2009-2011, Sound Square, Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka, Japan

Producer(s): Boris

Genre(s): Sludge metal, Alternative rock

Tier: ♥♥

Key Track(s): “Missing Pieces,” “GALAXIANS”

Review:


Czechoslovakia / Vrah

Boris / SaadeCzechoslovakia / Vrah (2011) [Single; split]

Alternate Version Notes:

Studio/Live:

Recorded:

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Czechoslovakia”

Review:


Crossing Waltz

Crossing Waltz (2016)

Alternate Version Notes:

Studio/Live: Live

Recorded: Possibly August 5, 2011

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


"Hope" Japan Tour 2011

“Hope” Japan Tour 2011 (2021)

Alternate Version Notes:

Studio/Live: Live

Recorded: December 16, 2011, Club Upset, Nagoya, Japan

Producer(s): Boris

Genre(s): Alternative rock, Sludge metal

Tier: ♥♥

Key Track(s): “Window Shopping”

Review: A live album from a date on the tour supporting the batch of alternative rock/pop albums released in 2011.  There are a few sludge metal songs from pre-2009 albums.  But mostly this set is focused on newer songs with more mainstream appeal.  While many of these songs benefited from studio effects and production values in their album versions, these live versions are all pretty decent.  This album reveals how genuinely committed the band was to their new direction.  Arguments might be made as to whether performances on the vaguely similar archival live set Tokyo Wonder Land are better, but these “Hope” Japan Tour 2011 recordings are captured with better sound fidelity.


Asobi Seksu x Boris – Asobi Seksu x Boris (2012) [EP/single; split]

Alternate Version Notes: The digital-only EP contains 6 tracks (3 by Boris), while the 7″ vinyl single was originally a limited edition Record Store Day Black Friday release with just one recording from each band (covering a song by the other band) that has since been released digitally

Studio/Live:

Recorded:

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Neu Years”

Review:


Boris / Joe VolkBoris / Joe Volk (2012) [Split; solo EP]

Alternate Version Notes: Released as a split LP (though really only of EP length) and also as a digital EP (entitled Cosmos) with just the three Boris tracks that were later remastered with an added live track (COSMOS Re-Master + Live); vinyl LP issues were pressed on differently colored vinyl

Studio/Live: Studio (and Live for COSMOS Re-Master + Live)

Recorded:  unknown [Boris tracks only]; COSMOS Re-Master + Live bonus track: May 9, 2013, Grog Shop, Cleveland OH, USA

Producer(s): Boris [Boris tracks only]

Genre(s): Minimalism, Post rock, Alternative rock

Tier: ♥

Key Track(s): “Cosmos, Part 2”

Review:


Boris performing "flood"

Boris performing “flood” (2013)

Alternate Version Notes: N/A

Studio/Live: Live

Recorded: November 3, 2012, “leave them all behind 2012” show, Daikanyama Unit, Tokyo, Japan

Producer(s): Boris

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s): [the entire album is a single track]

Review:


präparat

präparat (2013)

Alternate Version Notes: Originally release exclusively in Japan on vinyl, the album was later released digitally worldwide

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: 2012, Sound Square, Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka, Japan

Producer(s): Boris, Shinobu Narita

Genre(s): Shoegaze, Drone, Doom Metal

Tier: ♥♥

Key Track(s): “method of error,” “哀歌 -elegy-,” “december”

Review:  A surprisingly good album that, in hindsight, was something of a trial-run for Noise.  Although short, and perhaps with a bit of filler, there are some strong tracks here and this is an album that is well worth exploring.  It signals the beginning of the latter phase of the band’s re-invention period, when, to some extent, the dust had settled on the batch of 2011 albums and new and different songs were emerging.  Pure pop elements are scaled back, pushed instead into indie shoegaze/dream pop territory.  Yet there is also a noisy, drone-y aesthetic at play and some heavier elements.  Though the album is free of any pure sludge rock/stoner metal cuts.  The group’s initial efforts here to intermingle different styles proves a success, and they continued in that direction for their follow-up full-length album.


Yellow Loveless

Various Artists – Yellow Loveless (2013)

Alternate Version Notes:

Studio/Live:

Recorded:

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Sometimes”

Review:


Various Artists – Dead End Tribute -Song Of Lunatics- (2013)

Alternate Version Notes: The Boris song “冥合” was re-released as a stand-alone EP as Myogo

Studio/Live:

Recorded:

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s): “冥合”

Review:


Noise (2014)

Alternate Version Notes: Deluxe Edition included six bonus live tracks (separately downloadable with physical formats and included with digital version of album); some LP issues came in marbled vinyl; Japanese Tearbridge 2CD version includes bonus disc “Another Noise”

Studio/Live: Studio, Live (Deluxe Edition bonus tracks only)

Recorded: 2013, Sound Square, Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka, Japan; Deluxe Edition live bonus tracks: June 24, 2011, Madrid, Spain; July 1, 2011, Karlsruhe, Germany; July 7, 2011, Vienna, Austria; October 24, 2011, Montreal, Canada

Producer(s): Boris

Genre(s): Indie pop, Alternative Rock, Metal, Drone, Hardcore

Tier: ♥♥♥

Key Track(s): “Taiyo no Baka”

Review: Following the release of SMILE and the supporting tour, Boris explored more varied recording interests, resulting in albums of pop and alternative rock that bore little if any resemblance to the sorts of genres they previously embraced.  Many of those new genre explorations — along with older, familiar ones — come together on NOISE.  The band had long switched between different genres across different albums, and even to a small degree within certain albums, but this one was unusual in that it there were all sorts of different genres spanning from more mainstream sounds to more obscure ones pulled together in a cohesive way within the space of a single album.  Maybe surprisingly, NOISE is rather successful in that the various genres are all represented through good songwriting, performances, and production.  In a sense, the band found a way to come to terms with their recognized (interpellated) strengths along with their clear desire to demonstrate versatility and avoid being pigeonholed, while at the same time refining and expanding on some of their most recent genre exercises.  So, this album can be seen as the culmination and realization of efforts of the prior five years and also possibly their finest album of the later part of the band’s existence.  It is also free of any sentimentality when it calls upon the band’s proven strengths in noise and metal.  Subsequently the band would make a number of nostalgic, career-summary type albums, which, while often quite good, were somewhat safer bets that did not leave the comfort zone of the drone-y, sludgy, noisy hard rock and metal in which they (by then) had a well-established fan base.  This one took more chances at being something different and new, as a whole, even if that may not be immediately apparent.


目をそらした瞬間 -The Thing Which Solomon Overlooked Extra-

目をそらした瞬間 -The Thing Which Solomon Overlooked Extra- (2014)

Alternate Version Notes: Copies pressed in clear yellow and purple vinyl; included in the compilation 目をそらした瞬間 -the thing which solomon overlooked- chronicle

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: 2013

Producer(s): boris

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


"Big Peach" / "Noel Ford"

Boris / Heap“Big Peach” / “Noel Ford” (2014) [Single; split]

Alternate Version Notes: N/A

Studio/Live:

Recorded:

Producer(s): Boris

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Big Peach”

Review:


Whatever Nevermind

Various Artists – Whatever Nevermind (2015)

Alternate Version Notes:

Studio/Live:

Recorded:

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Lithium”

Review:


Boris + EndonEROS (2015) [EP]

Alternate Version Notes:

Studio/Live:

Recorded:

Producer(s): Boris, Endon

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


Urban Dance

Urban Dance (2015)

Alternate Version Notes:

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: 2015

Producer(s): Boris

Genre(s):

Tier: ♥

Key Track(s): “Surrender”

Review: An album of mostly noise rock with one slightly ambient pop-rock song in “Surrender.”  This one, along with its companion albums Warpath and Asia and the Thing Which Solomon Overlooked series, is going to appeal mostly (and perhaps only) to listeners with an interest in noise rock.


Warpath

Warpath (2015)

Alternate Version Notes:

Studio/Live:

Recorded: 2015

Producer(s): Boris

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


Asia

Asia (2015)

Alternate Version Notes:

Studio/Live:

Recorded: 2015

Producer(s): Boris

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


ニンジャスレイヤー フロムコンピレイション「忍」 [Ninja Slayer Nin]

Various Artists – ニンジャスレイヤー フロムコンピレイシヨン「忍」 [Ninja Slayer Nin] (2015)

Alternate Version Notes: “キルミスター” also released as a single

Studio/Live:

Recorded:

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s): “キルミスター -Killmister-,” “Aurashi no Ken”

Review:


ニンジャスレイヤー フロムコンピレイション「殺」 [ Ninja Slayer Satsu]

Various Artists – ニンジャスレイヤー フロムコンピレイシヨン「殺」 [Ninja Slayer Satsu] (2015)

Alternate Version Notes:

Studio/Live:

Recorded:

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Memento Mori”

Review:


Ninja Slayer Batsu ニンジャスレイヤー フロムコンピレイション「伐」

Various Artists – ニンジャスレイヤー フロムコンピレイション「伐」 [Ninja Slayer Batsu]  (2016)

Alternate Version Notes:

Studio/Live:

Recorded:

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Hey Everyone”

Review:


Low End Meeting

Boris + Goth TradLow End Meeting (2015) [Single]

Alternate Version Notes: The song also appears on Psionics; a single-sided 12″ vinyl version was also released (possibly just a test pressing)

Studio/Live:

Recorded:

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


Mr. Shortkill

Mr. Shortkill (2016) [EP]

Alternate Version Notes: remastered version released digitally

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: 2015, Sound Square, Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka, Japan

Producer(s): Boris

Genre(s): Sludge metal, Drone doom

Tier: ♥♥

Key Track(s):  “キルミスター -Killmister- incl. ‘Many Are Called, but Few Get Up'”

Review: More of a lengthy single than an EP.  The opener is a great hard rocking medley partly made up of a cover of a song by British band Man.  The other tracks are mostly filler.


Requiem for the Abyss

Requiem for the Abyss (2016) [Single]

Alternate Version Notes:

Studio/Live:

Recorded: 2015

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:



The Later Years: 2016-Present


Boris with Merzbow – 現象 -Gensho- (2016)

Alternate Version Notes: Released initially as an Expanded Edition with two discs of a live show called “Gensho at Fever 11272015”; later issues omit the live show, and have different sequencing between CD and vinyl editions but otherwise the same content; the 4LP version was also pressed in clear vinyl for a “family and friends” edition not offered for sale

Studio/Live: Studio, live (expanded edition only)

Recorded: 2016, Sound Square, Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka, Japan; Live tracks on Expanded Edition: November 27, 2015, Fever, Tokyo, Japan

Producer(s): Shinobu Narita

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:  According to the record label, “The BORIS songs are completely new, percussion-less reinventions of classic tracks from the band’s storied catalog, while MERZBOW’s songs are entirely new compositions.  The two sets are intended to be played at the same time at varying volumes so that the listener can experience their own ‘gensho/phenomenon’ every time.”  Gensho inaugurates a nostalgic phase in Boris’ recordings.  Though actually these new recordings of old songs ends up being quite effective.  The Boris songs also sound fine played on their own without the Merzbow disc playing simultaneously.


Urban Dance U-DNA

Various Artists – Urban Dance U-DNA (2016)

Alternate Version Notes:

Studio/Live:

Recorded:

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Day After Day (Urban Dance)”

Review:


Live at Third Man Records

Live at Third Man Records (2017)

Alternate Version Notes: A Japanese release features half pink half blue colored vinyl

Studio/Live: Live

Recorded: August 1, 2016, Blue Room, Third Man Records, Nashville, TN, USA

Producer(s):

Genre(s): Sludge metal

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review: A live set featuring songs from PINK.  There is nothing particularly essential in these (perfectly good) performances but the song selection is strong and the album provides a no-frills window into some of the material that garnered the band their widest international recognition.


Dear (2017)

Alternate Version Notes: Japanese issues (on Daymare) include a bonus disc with three additional songs that were later released as a stand-alone EP entitled DEAR Extra; US 2LP version (on Sargent House) had differently colored vinyl pressings; the songs “Absolutego” and “Memento Mori” were each released as singles

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: 2017, Sound Square, Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka, Japan

Producer(s): Boris & Shinobu Narita

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s): “絶対自我 [Absolutego],” “何処へ [Dystopia -Vanishing Point-]”

Review:  Dear is yet another backwards-looking collection of material but with a dark and ominous feeling.  This lengthy album proves mostly forgettable, with only a couple songs of much value.  Boris seemed out of ideas.  The band planned to retire after releasing Dear but those plans changed and they kept on recording and performing live.


UGX: undergroundextra

Various Artists –UGX: undergroundextra (2017)

Alternate Version Notes:

Studio/Live: Live

Recorded:

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s): “雨 -Heavy Rain- (Live Version)”

Review:


eternity

eternity (2018)

Alternate Version Notes:

Studio/Live: Live

Recorded: December 28, 2017, Daikanyama Unit, Tokyo, Japan

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


Absolutego Studio Session 2018

Absolutego Studio Session 2018 (2021)

Alternate Version Notes:

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: April 5, 2018, Sound Square, Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka, Japan

Producer(s): Boris

Genre(s): Minimalism, Drone doom, Noise

Tier:

Key Track(s): [the entire album is a single track]

Review: A new recording of the band’s debut album.  Less guitar-heavy and with more studio-driven noise and effects than the original version.  This version is actually so different from the original as to seem like its own new work.


Phenomenons Drive

Phenomenons Drive (2018) [Single]

Alternate Version Notes: Also released on colored vinyl and as a picture disc

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: Sound Square, Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka, Japan, 2017

Producer(s): Boris

Genre(s): Drone doom, Post rock

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Phenomenons Drive”

Review:


unknown flowers

Boris / The Novembersunknown flowers (2018) [EP; split]

Alternate Version Notes:

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: Sound Square, Edamitsu, Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka, Japan

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


Secrets

Secrets (2018)

Alternate Version Notes:

Studio/Live:

Recorded: 1992-2018

Producer(s):

Genre(s): [all of them]

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:   A curiosity for only the most dedicated superfans.  Originally distributed to attendees at the band’s final show of its 25th Anniversary World Tour at Shindaita Fever in Tokyo, then subsequently given away as a bonus with purchases from the band’s official Japanese retailer, then much later released worldwide digitally.  This is a “fan club” remix album of sorts.  According to a press release, “This was as a new album from a standpoint of taking excerpts from a huge collection of unreleased compositions that had been brewing over a long period of time through our accumulated activity, newly constructing them via technique and interpretation of ‘now’, thus inviting the listener to the next phase. Fragments of unreleased compositions were excessively weaved together . . . .”  The press release perhaps overstates things.  The album is individual snippets of recordings strung together serially, but not really interwoven much—more like a compilation.  While the fragments have merits on their own, the album as a whole is unessential.  That said, Secrets does provide evidence of Boris’ wide and varied musical landscape and dedicated fans may well be intrigued by the “treasure hunt” aspect of the listening experience.


https://boris.bandcamp.com/album/japanese-heavy-rock-hits-live-25th-anniversary-show

Japanese Heavy Rock Hits Live -25th Anniversary Show- (2021)

Alternate Version Notes: re-released in limited edition orange vinyl

Studio/Live: Live

Recorded: August 2018, “Boris 25th Anniversary Tour 2018”, USA

Producer(s): Boris

Genre(s): Sludge metal, Drone, Post rock, Minimalism

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review: Features a “greatest hits live” lineup of some of the band’s most beloved songs, culled from performances in the USA on a 25th Anniversary tour.  It bears some resemblance to the epochal Rock Dream but with the addition of songs debuted after that earlier live album.  All said, this is a very solid live album that would make a decent introduction to the band’s work.  Listeners already familiar with Boris will also probably enjoy hearing these live versions, which are pretty consistently good from beginning to end with no filler.


EarthQuaker Devices Presents: Boris | Relaxer | Crypt City | Lisa Bella Donna

Boris / Relaxer / Crypt City / Lisa Bella Donna – EarthQuaker Devices Presents: Boris | Relaxer | Crypt City | Lisa Bella Donna (2019) [EP; split]

Alternate Version Notes:

Studio/Live:

Recorded:

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Farewell”

Review:


LΦVE & EVΦL (2019)

Alternate Version Notes: N/A

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: 2019

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Away from You,” “EVOL”

Review:


Silent Running

Various Artists – Silent Running (2020)

Alternate Version Notes: This compilation features a different, drumless version of a song on LΦVE & EVΦL

Studio/Live:

Recorded:

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s): “終曲 -Shadow of Skull-“

Review:


"Akuma No Uta" At Elsewhere NYC 10th Sep. 2019

“Akuma No Uta” At Elsewhere NYC 10th Sep. 2019 (2020) [single]

Alternate Version Notes:

Studio/Live: Live

Recorded: September 10, 2019, Elsewhere, New York city, NY, USA

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Akuma No Uta”

Review:


リフレイン

Z.O.A x Boris – リフレイン [Refrain] (2020) [EP]

Alternate Version Notes:

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded:

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


2R0I2P0

Boris with Merzbow2R0I2P0 (2020)

Alternate Version Notes: 2-LP editions available in various limited edition colored vinyl patterns; “Away From You” and “Boris / Away From You” singles released off the album

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: 2019-2020

Producer(s):

Genre(s): Drone, Noise, Alternative rock

Tier:

Key Track(s): “To the Beach,” “Absolutego”

Review:


NO

NO (2020)

Alternate Version Notes: “Loveless” also released as a single; F.O.A.D. LP included a bonus flexi disc with an unreleased version of “Fundamental Error”

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: March 2020, Sound Square, Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka, Japan

Producer(s): Boris

Genre(s): Hardcore

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Anti-Gone”

Review:


Boris (2020) [single]

Alternate Version Notes: Single-sided 12″ single with non-playable etched image on second side; released in red for a fan club only issue and in purple vinyl; originally intended to be sold exclusively at shows during a North American tour due to start in July 2020 that was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: 2020, Peace Music, Tokyo, Japan

Producer(s): Boris

Genre(s): Sludge metal

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Boris”

Review:


No World Tour "In Your Head" 2021

No World Tour “In Your Head” 2021 (2021)

Alternate Version Notes:

Studio/Live: Live in Studio

Recorded: November 17, 2020, Shindaita Live House Fever, Tokyo, Japan

Producer(s): Boris

Genre(s): Hardcore

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


fade album cover

fade (2022)

Alternate Version Notes: “序章 三叉路 prologue sansaro” released as a music video

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: 2020, Sound Square, Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka, Japan

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


Bright New Disease album cover

Boris & UniformBright New Disease (2023)

Alternate Version Notes: “You are the Beginning” and “Not Surprised” released as singles

Studio/Live:

Recorded:

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


Reincarnation Rose (2021) [single]

Alternate Version Notes: Digital single includes only the song “Reincarnation Rose” but the CD and 12″ vinyl versions add the lengthy track “知 = You Will Know (‘Oyasumi’ Full Version)”; 12″ vinyl released in a mutli-color splatter edition and a red limited edition with alternative cover art sold as a package with Wata’s signature “Hizumitas” fuzz pedal (with shared artwork)

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: January 2021, Sound Square, Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka, Japan

Producer(s):

Genre(s): Sludge metal

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Reincarnation Rose”

Review: “Reincarnation Rose” is something of a hybrid of stoner/sludge metal of the Heavy Rocks era with a sheen of laid-back catchiness that draws from mellower recordings from Japanese Heavy Rock Hits, Noise, etc.  The collective vocals are diffuse and pushed somewhat into the background.  The production is polished.  In some form or fashion Boris has been over this territory before though the results have their own character.  In that way “Reincarnation Rose” is typical of Boris’ backward-looking later period.  But this is one of the catchier tunes of that period.  The B-side “知 = You Will Know (‘Oyasumi’ Full Version),” which is exclusive to the CD and 12″ vinyl releases, is reminiscent of “俺を捨てたところ [Just Abandoned Myself]” from PINK.


Noël

Noël (2021) [Single]

Alternate Version Notes:

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded:

Producer(s):

Genre(s): Alternative rock, Shoegaze

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:  The inevitable: a Boris x-mas single. “Pardon?” is a song from New Album reworked by Lauren Auder & Dviance, with newly-recorded vocals.  It came about partly in honor of the 10th anniversary of New Album and the admiration that Boris and Auder have for it despite various criticisms it received.  The second track, “Last Christmas,” is a cover of a hit song by Wham!, done in somewhat of a shoegaze style.


W

W (2022)

Alternate Version Notes: “Drowning By Numbers” and “Beyond Good and Evil” released as singles

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: June 11, 2020 and later

Producer(s): suGar Yoshinaga

Genre(s): Post rock, Sludge rock, Alternative rock

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Drowning By Numbers”

Review: Intended as a companion album to NO, with the two album titles combined forming the word NOW.  Though W has a completely different sound than its predecessor.  Here, the emphasis is on diffuse, more minimalist and subdued expression.  The sonic textures are perhaps closest to マブタノウラ sound track from film “mabuta no ura”, with some of the 2011-era albums’ poppiness and fascination with electronics too.  Though in terms of overall feel, W might be closest to Dear, which is to say this is rather indistinct in its intentions and rather more backwards than forwards-looking.


Bongzilla x Boris

Bongzilla /Boris – Bongzilla x Boris (2022) [Single; split]

Alternate Version Notes: released in limited edition 7″ formats of green, purple, white, clear, neon green, neon purple, and blue/red

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded:

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Down the Road”

Review:


Todo Muere SBXV

Various Artists – Todo Muere SBXV (2022)

Alternate Version Notes:  released as limited edition red vinyl and neon pink/black splatter vinyl, plus digital edition

Studio/Live:

Recorded:

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Funnel of Love (SQÜRL)”

Review:


Heavy Rocks (2022)

Heavy Rocks (2022)

Alternate Version Notes: “Question 1” released as a single

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded:

Producer(s):

Genre(s): Sludge metal, Stoner metal, Alternative rock

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Nosferatou”

Review:  The band’s third full-length album titled Heavy Rocks delves into the use of horns and piano, going so far as to include free-jazz style saxophone.  At times the horns are pushed down into a muddy background.  These production efforts are a change of pace.  But, unfortunately, they come across like superficial gimmicks and are not enough to overcome a lack of good songwriting and rather listless performances—problems similar to Dear.


Rocky & The Sweden and Boris

Rocky & The Sweden and Boris – Rocky & The Sweden and Boris (2022) [Split]

Alternate Version Notes:

Studio/Live:

Recorded:

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


“Akuma no Uta” 20th Anniversary single “Ibitsu” Re​-​Recording 2023

“Akuma no Uta” 20th Anniversary single “Ibitsu” Re​-​Recording 2023 (2023)

Alternate Version Notes:

Studio/Live: Studio

Recorded: 2023, Sound Square, Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka, Japan

Producer(s):

Genre(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s): “‘Ibitsu’ Re-Recording 2023”

Review:


Related Releases:

朝生愛 [Ai Aso] / Wata ‎– She’s So Heavy


Remixes:

Frog: Remixed and Revisited

メッセージ / Floor Shaker

Scion A/V Remix: Buzz In

Black Original Remix

Looprider Remix

Secrets [see above]

“Everybody Loves You” on Big Mess Deluxe Box Set Bonus Disc


Best-of Compilations:

Choice Cuts From Releases On Southern Lord 2000 – Present! (promo only)

Variations



Video/Film:

Hama

Live at Shimokitazawa Shelter

Bootleg -Feedbacker-

Wizard’s Convention: Japanese Heavy Rock Showcase

Heavy Metal Me

Live at Amoeba Music

Live in Japan: “Smile” World Tour Final

Boris Boiler Room Tokyo Live Set

Music Videos and Concert Footage on Official Site

Fractalimage


Web:

Official Site

MusicBrainz Entry

Discography

Encyclopedia Entry

Social Media Site @Borisheavyrocks

Social Media Site

Another Social Media Site

Yet Another Social Media Site

Record Label Shop

Authorized Digital Downloads Site

Merch Shop


Other Guides:

A Beginner’s Guide to Boris

Beginner’s Guide: Boris

Boris: Heavy Rocks: The Essential Boris

A Beginner’s Guide to Japanese Heavy Rock Greats Boris

Amplifier Worship: A Spotify Introduction to Boris (and alternate link)

The StonerRock.com Guide to Boris…


Also Try:

MelvinsLysol, Bullhead

EarthEarth 2: Special Low-Frequency Version

Sunn O)))Black One

SleepSleep’s Holy Mountain

Blue CheerVincebus Eruptum

Les Rallizes Dénudés’77 Live

不失者 [Fushitsusha]悲愴 [Pathétique]

Godspeed You Black Emperor!F♯ A♯ ∞

My Bloody ValentineLoveless

Various Artists – Inside the Dream Syndicate Series

The Theatre of Eternal Music, John Cale, Tony Conrad, Rhys Chatham

Jim O’Rourke – Live at Japan 2002.9.16 [bootleg]

BBC Radio 6 “Freak Zone” Playlist by Boris

Rolling Stones – Undercover | Review

 

Undercover album cover

Rolling StonesUndercover Rolling Stones Records 90120-1 (1983)


The Stones’ first studio album after the surprisingly excellent Tattoo You comes across as one of the last times they were writing stuff that they seemed genuinely interested in, however odd that stuff may be.  Richards’ guitar draws on Chuck Berry influences.  Jagger’s lyrics are at their seediest.  The title track opener is pretty strong, sounding of the time and of a piece with the band’s history without succumbing to pointless studio fads and without becoming mired in nostalgia.  No, there aren’t any canonized hits here.  But the album as a whole avoids any major missteps and is listenable top to bottom.  While a step down from Tattoo You, this is still a middle-tier Stones full-length—better than truly bottom-tier albums like Goats Head Soup and much of what came later in the 80s, 90s, and beyond.

The band was clearly losing touch with ordinary folks but here that very fact comes through, which makes that trend less jarring than in the coming years. “Too Much Blood” finds Jagger writing about a murder and decapitation and also how he doesn’t like The Texas Chainsaw Massacre.  But it’s like the way people “reply all” to email flame wars to ask others not to reply all, or that old saying about how the censor shouts aloud what he seeks to suppress…it is self-defeating and contradictory to write and record a song about there being too much glorification of violence while at the same time doing it too!

There are backing horns in places.  Sometimes it comes across like conventional rock saxophone.  But at times (the end of “Too Much Blood”), somewhat down in the mix, you can hear wailing free-jazz style sax and that is intriguing.  There is also another attempt to fuse blues rock with dub reggae (“Feel on Baby”), which seem like absorbing fads in the absence of anything of their own to offer, but it is inoffensive.

“Too Tough” is a flawed but still worthwhile song.  The melody is catchy enough.  The lyrics, though, are not all the way there.  They range from nuggets of hard-bitten wisdom to stuff that is just skeezy.  With some lyrical revisions it might have been a top-shelf Stones song.

A Guide to the Music of Bob Dylan

Under Construction! – This has a way to go before it’s complete, but it’s getting there slowly.


Bob Dylan

Born: May 24, 1941, Duluth, MN, United States
Currently: Malibu, CA, United States

Birth Name: Robert Allen Zimmerman

Also known as/noms des plumes: Jack Frost, Blind Boy Grunt, Lucky Wilbury, Boo Wilbury

See also Quick Guide to Recommended Bob Dylan Releases



A General Take on the Music of Bob Dylan

The entire face of popular music changed with Bob Dylan.  He is the name most commonly cited as leading the transition of rock and pop music to more serious and adult-oriented themes.  He helped garner respect for rock and pop music as legitimate art, capable of appreciation the way any artwork in the Louvre might.  Most critics focus on this poetic lyrics and songwriting, though others, and Dylan himself, view him as principally a live performer.  Dylan was one of the first post-Elvis rock stars, though unlike The Beatles or The Rolling Stones he was not part of a regular band.  Instead he started out as another solo artist as part of the urban folk movement, making a name for himself in New York City in the early 1960s.  By the mid-60s he had branched out to rock and roll.  His first concerts using electric guitars prompted divided reactions, with many in the folk scene expressing hostility while at the same time he garnered the attention of more and more new fans.  Stardom didn’t always seem to suit him, and Dylan’s sometimes erratic behavior often seemed driven by a desire to escape public scrutiny and preserve some kind of private personal life — though in the end Dylan always chose the riches of celebrity life over true seclusion.  Over his many-decade career, Dylan’s music has gone through a variety of periods and associated styles, from arena rock to Vegas glitz to preachy gospel to slick pop to blues revival to atmospheric rock.  His career hit some low points in the 1980s.  Since 1988 he has toured almost continuously, something dubbed his “Never Ending Tour.”  He enjoyed a critical and popular resurgence in the late 1990s.

This guide is intended to provide an introduction to the recordings of Bob Dylan.  There is a “tier” system to point newcomers to the most essential material (see the legend below).  However, this list is meant to be fairly comprehensive, so bear in mind that much of the material listed will be of interest primarily to listeners who have heard most of the catalog already.  Bootlegs have been omitted, as have Dylan’s guest appearances on other artists’ works (with a few select exceptions to that rule).  Each entry has at least one recommended track, so that listeners who prefer to buy digital downloads can focus on the better tracks first and decide from there what else they want.  This list is organized chronologically by recording date, so recordings are frequently listed in an order different from their original order of release.



How Many Roads Must a Man Walk Down?: The Folk Years

Dylan grew up in Minnesota, and briefly attended college at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis.  He left school and relocated to New York City where he enmeshed himself in the burgeoning early 1960s urban folk movement.  He legally changed his name from Robert Zimmerman to Bob Dylan in 1962.  He garnered respect as a songwriter, though he initially struggled to secure a recording deal.  He was turned down by Folkways Records, before being given a chance to record for Columbia Records.  His biggest break came from an appearance at the 1963 Newport Folk Festival, at which he appeared thanks to his personal and professional association with Joan Baez.  Dylan’s music during this early period was almost entirely acoustic and in the folk tradition, though his songwriting exhibited increasingly modern tendencies as time when on.


Robert Allen Zimmerman, Howard Rutman & Larry KeganMedley: Let the Good Times Roll / Boppin’ the Blues / Won’t You Be My Girl? / Lawdy, Miss Clawdy / Ready Teddy / Confidential / In the Still of the Night / Earth Angel (1956) [Single]

Release Notes:

Recorded:

Producer(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


The Midnight Special

Harry BelafonteThe Midnight Special (1962)


Release Notes: “Midnight Special” available on Folk Standards

Recorded: November 1961.

Producer(s): Hugo Montenegro

Tier:

Key Track(s): “The Midnight Special”

Review:

Although this list generally omits Dylan’s guest appearances, his very first professional recordings were to play harmonica for others, including his first recording session for Carolyn Hester‘s Carolyn Hester, and the title track of Harry Belafonte’s The Midnight Special, a song popularized by Lead Belly (in Chronicles, Vol. 1 Dylan inaccurately states that the Belafonte session was his very first).


Bob Dylan

Bob Dylan (1962)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Columbia Studios, New York, NY, November 20 and 22, 1961

Producer(s): John Hammond

Tier: Enjoyable

Key Track(s): “In My Time of Dyin’,” “Song to Woody”

Review:

Bob Dylan’s self-titled debut album sold modestly (if not outright poorly) on release and squarely fit into the then-current urban folk revival movement.  All but two songs are traditional folk and blues tunes.  Dylan had taken up visiting a sick and dying Woody Guthrie, and wrote “Song to Woody” for him (it borrows from Guthrie’s “1913 Massacre” among other sources).   Much of this is in the spirit of the music of Guthrie.  Although many people ignore this because it doesn’t feature much in the way of Dylan’s much-revered songwriting, it’s actually a very well-constructed album full of excellent song choices and more dedicated and practiced performances than on some other early Dylan albums.  So while this doesn’t break any new ground, it’s still a very good conventional folk album.  If you like this, the high-quality bootleg Live in Minneapolis: Bonnie Beecher’s Apartment 22/12/1961 recorded the following month is worth your time.


Live at the Gaslight 1962

Live at The Gaslight 1962 (2005)

Release Notes:

Recorded: The Gaslight, New York, NY, October 1962

Producer(s): Jeff Rosen and Steve Berkowitz

Tier: For completists only

Key Track(s): “Rocks and Gravel,” “John Brown,” “Barbara Allen”

Review:

Originally released through a deal with the Starbucks Corporation, their exclusive CD release culled tracks from an October 1962 performance at the Greenwich Village nightspot The Gaslight. Many of the songs from this collection of recordings have been released elsewhere officially and in bootleg form, so this CD is far from a complete documentation of these shows. The performances give a great insight into Dylan’s track selection and performance style at the beginning of his career. A few early staples appear here in the form of “A Hard Rain’s A-Gonna Fall” and “Don’t Think Twice, It’s Alright.” Other than that, we find Dylan working through a collection of traditional folk tunes. Notably, this collection includes the first officially released 1960s performance of “John Brown,” one of his great, previously unreleased, and self-penned anti-war tunes from the period. Because of the abundance of traditional tunes, this nice set is definitely geared toward fans with an established acquaintance with Dylan’s discography.


"Mixed Up Confusion" / "Corrina Corrina"

“Mixed Up Confusion” / “Corrina Corrina” (1962) [Single]


Release Notes: A-side available on Biograph and Side Tracks; B-side is not the same version as on The Freewheelin’ Bob Dylan

Recorded: Columbia Recording Studios, New York, NY, October 26 and November 14, 1962

Producer(s): John Hammond

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


The Freesheelin' Bob Dylan

The Freewheelin’ Bob Dylan (1963)


Release Notes: There are incredibly rare and valuable versions of The Freewheelin’ Bob Dylan that feature a substantially different track listing. These versions substitute the songs “Rocks and Gravel,” “Let Me Die in My Footsteps,” “Gamblin’ Willie’s Dead Man’s Hand,” and “Talkin’ John Birch Blues” in place of “Girl from the North Country,” “Masters of War,” “Bob Dylan’s Dream,” and “Talkin’ World War III Blues.” Non-promotional stereo copies of this LP have reportedly sold for upwards of $35,000, making it a contender for the most valuable vinyl record ever released.

Recorded: Columbia Records Studio A, New York, NY, April 24–25, July 9, October 26, November 1 and 15, December 6, 1962; and April 24, 1963

Producer(s): John Hammond, Tom Wilson

Tier: Enjoyable

Key Track(s): “Girl From the North Country,” “Don’t Think Twice, It’s Alright,” “A Hard Rain’s A-Gonna Fall”

Review:

Of Dylan’s early career “folk” albums, The Freewheelin’ Bob Dylan tends to be a favorite of fans and critics alike.  Though it’s a good one, it is still one of the more overrated albums in his catalog.  Unlike his debut it focuses on his songwriting, which many point to as his greatest artistic strength.  Most appealing to many is also the tendency toward dreamy, romanticized themes.  But apart from unveiling some undeniably landmark compositions like “Blowin’ in the Wind,” Dylan’s performances here are somewhat tentative at times and the album feels very uneven.


In Concert, Brandeis University, 1963

In Concert, Brandeis University, 1963 (2010)


Release Notes: available as a bonus with The Bootleg Series Vol. 9: The Witmark Demos: 1962-1964 and The Original Mono Recordings at an online retailer

Recorded: Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, May 10, 1963

Producer(s):

Tier: For completists only

Key Track: “Ballad of Hollis Brown”

Review:

This exclusive release from amazon.com came with copies of The Bootleg Series Vol. 9: The Witmark Demos: 1962-1964 and The Original Mono Recordings. The previously unreleased — not even in bootleg form — show, recorded May 10, 1963 at the traditionally Jewish Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts features six songs that appear in better form on other releases (along with an incomplete take of “Honey, Just Allow Me One More Chance”). The track selection, though, gives an interesting look at what his shows were like prior to popularity of Peter, Paul & Mary‘s rendition of “Blowin’ in the Wind,” which became a smash hit within two months of this show. The set consists mainly of talking blues and a few of his more notable “protest” songs (including “Ballad of Hollis Brown,” which would later appear on Dylan’s then-unreleased The Times They Are A-Changin’). As a result, he comes off as less than serious, even unintentionally comical. The sound quality is decent, but the results are merely serviceable.


The Newport Folk Festival - 1963: The Evening Concerts, Vol. 1

Newport Folk Festival 1963: The Evening Concerts – Vol. 1 (1964)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Newport Folk Festival, Newport, RI, July 26, 1963

Producer(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Blowin’ in the Wind”

Review:


Newport Broadside: Topical Songs at the Newport Folk Festival 1963

Newport Broadside: Topical Songs at the Newport Folk Festival 1963 (1964)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Newport Folk Festival, Newport, RI, July 27 and 28, 1963

Producer(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


We Shall overcome!

We Shall Overcome! Documentary of the March on Washington (1964)


Release Notes: This Folkways release contains overdubs over Dylan’s performance

Recorded: March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, Lincoln Memorial, Washington, DC, August 28, 1963

Producer(s):

Tier: For completists only

Key Track(s): “Ballad of Medgar Evers”

Review:


Live at Carnegie Hall 1963

Live at Carnegie Hall 1963 (2005)


Release Notes: promotional only; additional songs from the same concert were previously released on The Bootleg Series Volumes 1-3: (Rare & Unreleased) 1961-1991 and The Bootleg Series Vol. 7: No Direction Home: The Soundtrack; these recordings were originally slated to be on a live full-length album shortly after being recorded, but that album was canceled by Columbia Records and never released

Recorded: Carnegie Hall, New York, NY, October 26, 1963

Producer(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


The Times They Are A-Changin'

The Times They Are A-Changin’ (1964)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Columbia Studio A, New York, NY, August 6, 7 and 12, and October 23, 24 and 31, 1963

Producer(s): Tom Wilson

Tier: Highly recommended

Key Track(s): “The Times They Are A-Changin’,” “With God on Our Side,” “Only a Pawn in Their Game,” “Ballad of Hollis Brown,” “The Lonesome Death of Hattie Carroll”

Review:

With a much more dark and serious tone than his last album, The Times They Are A-Changin’ is (in retrospect) one of Bob Dylan’s most overlooked albums.  His performances are consistently effective and come across as more accomplished than the often undisciplined and sloppy The Freewheelin’ Bob Dylan.  It’s interesting too how already Dylan in his songwriting was reworking material of others and himself, with “Restless Farewell” borrowing the melody from the Irish folk song “The Parting Glass,”  “Boots of Spanish Leather” reusing the melody of “Girl from the North Country” and other songs drawing a variety of influences from Irish and Scottish folk music.  It is unfair to dismiss this as a “finger pointin'” folk protest album and move on because the songs really aren’t preachy and reveal nuanced views of complex sociological issues.  The intense performances are among the most effective of Dylan’s early years.


Another Side of Bob Dylan

Another Side of Bob Dylan (1964)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Columbia Studio A, New York, NY, June 9, 1964

Producer: Tom Wilson

Tier: Highly recommended

Key Tracks: “Chimes of Freedom,” “My Back Pages,” “It Ain’t Me Babe”

Review:

Another Side of Bob Dylan is the strangest of his LPs released before his 1966 motorcycle accident.  It was recorded in one single late night wine-fueled session, most likely contributing to its haphazard form. It is also Dylan’s studio last album until 1992’s Good As I Been to You to feature him as a solo performer. There are many things to both like and loathe about it.  It features at least three of his most dazzling songs to date in the tender “To Ramona,” the prophetic “My Back Pages,” and the vicious “It Ain’t Me Babe.”  It also features three of his most forgettable songs of the era in “Black Crow Blues,” “Spanish Harlem Incident,” and the funny-only-on-first-listen “I Shall Be Free No. 10.”  Despite these inconsistencies, this is easily Dylan’s most pop-oriented album to this point, one that clearly shows him breaking with his more direct and topical form of lyrical protest.  Given the serious tone and lyrical content of his previous two albums, Another Side reveals much more of the comedian in Dylan, especially on the opener “All I Really Want to Do” and the hilarious “Motorpsycho Nitemare,” which illustrates his extensive grasp (and appreciation) of popular culture.  He can also be especially mournful, as he is on “Ballad in Plain D,” which, because of its naked honesty, is nearly unlistenable.  “My Back Pages” might be the most important song on the album, as it foreshadows future masterpieces like “It’s Alight, Ma (I’m Only Bleeding)” and “Gates of Eden.” However, the  highlight for most listeners is the closer, “It Ain’t Me Babe.”  On this performance, Dylan instantly transforms himself from folk troubadour to pop king, churning out a song brutally frank in its rejection of romantic projection in relationships. Though Another Side is undoubtedly the most sloppily performed of his 1960s LPs, the spontaneous feel of the recording–more often resembling a documentary than a fully conceived album — as well as the transitional nature of Dylan’s compositions here, makes it one of his most insightful collections to date.


The Bootleg Series Vol. 6: Live 1964 - Concert at Philharmonic Hall

The Bootleg Series Vol. 6: Live 1964 – Concert at Philharmonic Hall (2004)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Philharmonic Hall, New York, NY, October 31, 1964

Producer(s): Jeff Rosen and Steve Berkowitz

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


The Bootleg Series Vol. 9: The Witmark Demos: 1962-1964

The Bootleg Series Vol. 9: The Witmark Demos: 1962-1964 (2010)


Release Notes:

Recorded: 1962-1964

Produced for reissue by Jeff Rosen and Steve Berkowitz

Tier: For completists only

Key Tracks: “Tomorrow is a Long Time,” “Farewell,” “Boots of Spanish Leather”

Review:

Bob Dylan’s important group of releases, The Bootleg Series, reveal just how much great stuff he has written over the years. Much of this material, which he has essentially cast off, is some of the best music ever recorded. Now, with the exception of Vol. 7 of the series (“No Direction Home“), these sets have been of equal value to Dylan aficionados as well as general fans in need of damned good music. With Vol. 9, The Witmark Demos, we get a set geared exclusively toward the Dylanologists. Not that the material isn’t great: it’s just that much of this material has already been released with far better, available variations. Of the songs that have seen some official release before, the only three that surpass previously released versions include a somber, driving take of the anti-war track “John Brown,” a more insistent take of “Hard Times in New York Town,” and an absolutely spine-tingling rendition of “Boots of Spanish Leather.” Still, there are a quite a few good songs that people with a few Dylan bootlegs should already be familiar with. It’s great to hear such wonderful songs as “All Over You” (possibly Dylan’s filthiest lyric), the timeless yet topical track “The Death of Emmett Till,” the haunting “Long Time Gone,” and the lovely “Farewell” in decent fidelity, at least for what are nearly fifty year-old demos, played at the proper speed. The rest of the material on this set simply does not stack up to either the officially released LP versions or the variations that appear on other volumes of The Bootleg Series. Many are filled with flubs, misremembered lyrics, false starts, and other things that generally make listening to demos a problematic experience in general. We appreciate the rawness, yes, but sometimes to the detriment of the material.


Exclusive Outtakes From No Direction Home: The Soundtrack

Exclusive Outtakes From No Direction Home: The Soundtrack (2005)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Columbia Records Studio A, New York, NY, April 25, 1962, Newport Folk Festival, Newport, RI, July 26, 1964; Columbia Studio A, New York, NY, January 13, 1965

Producer(s): Tom Wilson, possibly John Hammond and others?

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:



Beatnik Rocker: Going Electric, Fame & Fortune

In 1965 Bob Dylan made a transition from being an acoustic folk performer to playing electrified rock and roll.  The change provoked outrage from some in the folk scene, most famously at Dylan’s July 1965 appearance at the Newport Folk Festival.  However, Dylan going electric coincided with a decline in the popularity of folk music and soaring popularity of rock music.  With the release of Bringing It All Back Home and Highway 61 Revisited, he was catapulted to superstardom.  As evidenced from video interviews of the period, the young Dylan did not quite know how to react to his sudden fame, and as a result his behavior could be erratic.  Dylan had been hanging around with all the usual New York celebrities, like Andy Warhol‘s Factory crowd, but he eventually developed his own entourage.  With his enormous success in 1965, Dylan became arguably the most influential pop musician of the day, with his work influencing the likes of The Beatles on Rubber Soul and inspiring a general trend toward more mature and complex statements in rock music.

In 1965 he married his first wife Sara Lownds.  He lived in Woodstock, New York at that time, but eventually the couple relocated to New York City (and later to California).  Dylan held a major tour of the United Kingdom, but then in July of 1966, not long after completion of the recording sessions for Blonde on Blonde, was involved in a motorcycle crash near his home in Woodstock.  A lot of mystery surrounds the motorcycle crash and the extent of the injuries, if any, that Dylan suffered.  In any event, the motorcycle crash prompted a halt to Dylan’s touring for many years, and it led to a period of relative seclusion.  Dylan was recording primarily in Nashville, Tennessee in the late 1960s, rather than in New York as he had done for all of his earlier recordings.


Brining It All Back Home

Bringing It All Back Home (1965)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Columbia Studio A, New York, NY, January 13-15, 1965

Producer(s): Tom Wilson

Tier: Essential

Key Track(s): “Mr. Tambourine Man,” “It’s Alright, Ma (I’m Only Bleeding),” “Subterranean Homesick Blues”

Review:

Bringing It All Back Home was Dylan’s first foray into recording rock music.  Some point to changes in his songwriting on Another Side of Bob Dylan as leading in that direction, but this was where he launched into an electric sound — on side one at least.  On side two, the music is linked more to the kind of folk music Dylan had done before.  It is a bit perplexing that there was so much fuss about Dylan “going electric” at live performances that followed this album.  Anyone paying attention should have known that he had already started to play rock music.

The apocalyptic tone poem “It’s Alright, Ma (I’m Only Bleeding)” furthers what had begun on earlier recordings like “A Hard Rain’s A-Gonna Fall.”  It takes influence from the distancing effects of Bertolt Brecht‘s lyrics to songs like “Seeräuberjenny [Pirate Jenny]” (from Die Dreigroschenoper [The Threepenny Opera]), as well as the uniquely American angst of Beat writer Allen Ginsberg‘s poetry like “Howl”.  The song is evidence of Dylan’s continued and growing interest in songwriting with a more individualistic perspective than the social protest material of his earlier, more traditional folk recordings.  In other words, Dylan was often focusing on the role of the individual in relation to broader society.  He was still working in the abstract though, without any emphasis on personal and private matters like “singer-songwriters” who would emerge a few years later.  This is Dylan forging his own identity as a songwriter (or, you might say as a person, which was simply reflected in his focus as a songwriter).

“Mr. Tambourine Man” was notably covered by The Byrds around the same time this album was released.  Dylan’s recording is light and fragile, almost dreamy.

Dylan later appeared in the documentary film Dont Look Back and did a sort of early music video where he is seen holding and dropping in sequence a series of cards with lyrics to “Subterranean Homesick Blues” as the recording plays.


"If You Gotta Go, Go Now" / "To Ramona"

“If You Gotta Go, Go Now” / “To Ramona” (1967) [Single]


Release Notes: A-side unavailable in any format; B-side available on Another Side of Bob Dylan

Recorded: Columbia Studio A, New York, NY, June 9, 1964; Columbia Recording Studio, New York, NY, January 13 and 15 and May 21, 1965

Producer(s): Tom Wilson

Tier:

Key Track(s): “If You Gotta Go, Go Now”

Review:


Highway 61 Revisited

Highway 61 Revisited (1965)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Columbia Studio A, New York, NY, June 15 and 16, July 29 and 30, August 2 and 4, 1965

Producer(s): Bob Johnston, Tom Wilson

Tier: Essential

Key Track(s): (all of them)

Review:

Highway 61 Revisited was Dylan’s entry into the realm of superstardom.  He had popularity that was entering the same leagues as that of The Beatles and The Rolling Stones.  Bringing It All Back Home was massively popular, but Highway 61 confirmed that Dylan was no flash-in-the-pan success.

Reviewer BradL summed up Highway 61 Revisited as “The Album That Changed Everything.”  This is quite simply the single most essential Dylan album, and one of the most essential rock and roll albums by anyone from any era.  The enduring importance of this album might be how it managed to be a rock album of substance, something with real weight and depth, not just tawdry entertainment.  Unlike Bringing It All Back Home with an entire side geared toward folk rather than rock, Highway 61 Revisited focused entirely on rock.  So much early rock and roll was easily dismissed as just dance music or hillbilly stuff without cachet in urban centers.  This album was something else.  It raised the bar for what rock music was (or could be) about.  In a way, it helped give unprecedented legitimacy to rock and roll, without ever diminishing the intensity, energy and exuberance of the music.  By this point, Dylan’s songwriting talent was unassailable.  He had successfully fused blues rock with poetic lyrics that encompassed symbolism, American and biblical mythology, surrealism, literary references, and vivid imagery.  The songs rarely “meant” anything in a literal sense.  They were oblique invocations of certain feelings and images without a fixed and definite meaning.  You can listen to these songs again and again and come away with a slightly interpretation each time.  Roland Barthes wrote the following year in Criticism and Truth that “a work is ‘eternal’ not because it imposes a single meaning on different men, but because it suggests different meanings to one man…”  So it was with these songs.  Dylan’s approach was drawing huge influence from the writings of the Beats, incorporating that writing style into a rock and roll setting.  The music still had a huge driving rhythm, complete with just enough of the twang and grit to draw a clear line of influence from early rock and roll.  He was supported by a studio band that included members of The Paul Butterfield Blues Band plus Al Kooper on keyboards.  Kooper was not a keyboardist, but the recording sessions for this album made him one.  Electric guitarist Mike Bloomfield has a strong presence that separates the sound of this album from others Dylan had recorded to this point.

On “Tombstone Blues,” Dylan sings “the sun’s not yellow, it’s chicken,” invoking American slang in which both “yellow” and “chicken” refer to cowardice.  Applying the terms to the sun, Dylan — in a way that epitomizes his songwriting at the time — says something that is perfectly plain but that doesn’t mean anything in particular.  He turns the word “yellow” from a description of color into a slang reference to something that doesn’t really have a literal meaning when applied to the sun.  But to follow this, you almost have to work backwards through the lyrics.  In a nutshell, that’s Dylan’s mid-1960s songwriting.


"Positively 4th Street" / "From a Buick 6"

“Positively 4th Street” / “From a Buick 6” (1965) [Single]


Release Notes: A-side available on The Best of the Original Mono Recordings, Bob Dylan’s Greatest Hits, The Essential Bob Dylan, Biograph, and many other Dylan compilations (some early pressings incorrectly included a version of “Can You Please Crawl Out Your Window?” as the A-side); B-side available on Highway 61 Revisited

Recorded: Columbia Studio A, New York, NY, July 29, 1965

Producer: Bob Johnston

Tier: Highly recommended

Key Track: “Positively 4th Street”

Review:

“Positively 4th Street” is Bob Dylan’s most important non-LP single release, and today stands as one of the most acrid hit singles ever produced. The track opens with a distinctive organ line by Al Kooper, arguably more memorable than his runs on “Like a Rolling Stone.” Lyrically, it addresses Dylan’s perceptions of how members of his artistic peer group viewed him. Coming out of the insular, leftist, commercially-suspicious Greenwich Village folk scene, Dylan’s ambition took him away from the folk tradition to explore pop and rock-blues musical structures in his newest music. The crowd’s response to his “electric” set at the 1965 Newport Folk Festival was wildly mixed, the crowd’s cheers overwhelmed with pockets of boos. As a result, Dylan’s strongest supporters sensed he was leaving them behind. They also knew that he was their biggest meal-ticket, and without him, they were spayed and neutered. “Positively 4th Street,” which could refer to streets in New York City or his brief college stint at the University of Minnesota (in Minneapolis), excoriates this group of peers and fans. The song is rumored to have been written about several folk luminaries, most notably Phil Ochs. The song’s concluding line, “I wish that for just one time, you could stand inside my shoes / You’d know what a drag it is to see you,” is one of the most vicious in the history of pop music. While the song is catchy and still packs quite a sinister bite, its topical attack on the politics of 1960s hipster culture can come off as quite petty and juvenile. The B-side, “From a Buick 6,” provides a nice counterpoint to “Positively 4th Street.” Though it is one of Highway 61 Revisited‘s lesser tunes, it is perfectly listenable.


"Can You Please Crawl Out Your Window" / "Highway 61 Revisited"

“Can You Please Crawl Out Your Window?” / “Highway 61 Revisited” (1965) [Single]


Release Notes: A-side available on Biograph and Side Tracks; B-side available on Highway 61 Revisited.  There is a rare issue of the 45 which features a different take of the A-side, identified in the United States as Columbia Records 4-43889. The more widely available version of the single appears as Columbia Records 4-43477.

Recorded: October 5-6, 1965, in New York City

Producer: Bob Johnston

Tier: For completists only

Key Track: “Can You Please Crawl Out Your Window?”

Review:

Cut with The Hawks in New York City four months before the sessions for Blonde on Blonde, “Can You Please Crawl Out Your Window?” is one of Dylan’s lesser rock songs of the period.  The narrative within the lyric is convoluted and lacking in the expressive wordplay characteristic of his songs at that time.  Musically, it has too many interruptions to really form a decent  groove.  The single, though, is boosted by the wonderful — and previously released — title track to Highway 61 Revisited.


Blonde on Blonde

Blonde on Blonde (1966)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Columbia Studio A, New York, NY, January 25, 1966; Columbia Music Row Studios, Nashville, TN, February 14-17 and March 8-10, 1966

Producer(s): Bob Johnston

Tier: Essential

Key Track(s): “Sad Eyed Lady of the Lowlands,” “Visions of Johanna,” “I Want You,” “Stuck Inside of Mobile With the Memphis Blues Again,” “Temporary Like Achilles,” “Just Like a Woman”

Review:

Blonde on Blonde may not be as consistently excellent as its predecessor, Highway 61 Revisited. But don’t let that fool you. The album presents Bob Dylan at the peak of his powers as a lyricist, bandleader, and singer. On it, Dylan manages at once to both capture the zeitgeist of the times as well as shape the trajectory of the youth counterculture for the next half-decade. Interestingly, Dylan’s Beat- and French symbolist-influenced apocalyptic bromides of the previous year give way to Zen-like, metaphysical love songs here, foreshadowing the so-called era of “free love” in ways that artfully managed to avoid its later cliches. Musically, Dylan retreats somewhat from the blues (though they are nailed down as good as he would ever get ’em on “Pledging My Time”) here in favor of more country flavors. Recorded mainly in Nashville, Tennessee, Dylan’s crack session band (at times featuring The Hawks and stalwarts Al Kooper, Kenneth Buttrey [drums], Charlie McCoy, and Robbie Robertson, who plays throughout) is completely locked in, symbiotically fused with Dylan’s cocky, prophetic vocals. No Dylan backing group ever sounded better, or came as close to realizing his musical vision.  The album begins with the sloppy pot anthem “Rainy Day Women #12 & 35.” Its Salvation Army Marching Band sound doesn’t really signal the musical direction the album takes in general, but instantly aligns Dylan with the booming drug counterculture of the time and further serves to distance himself from his former folk compeers. With the third song, we get the album’s thesis, “Visions of Johanna,” a track which easily stands as one of the best in Dylan’s entire canon. When Al Kooper’s organ responds to Dylan’s line “the ghost of electricity howls in the bones of her face,” one can argue that Dylan has become imbued with that certain something that links humanity’s greatest artistic achievements as one in the aether. From this point forward, the album opens up, as Dylan’s lyrics center on oblique, humorous, and often touching accounts of platonic and romantic relationships, foreshadowing a major lyrical preoccupation of his future work. Along the way, we get Dylan’s most fully-realized pop song to date in “I Want You,” his most raucous sex farce yet with “Leopard-Skill Pill-Box Hat,” and one of his more kaleidoscopic lyrics in “Stuck Inside of Mobile With the Memphis Blues Again.” The album closes with the touching “Sad-Eyed Lady of the Lowlands,” a loving tribute to his wife Sara, who he had married three months before the song was recorded. Recorded in 6/8 time and backed by Al Kooper’s swirling organ, it was pop music’s most touching and unusual love song upon release.

Blonde on Blonde is widely considered to be rock music’s first double-album. The album’s length, while historic, is a mild liability, especially when compared with Highway 61 Revisited. Though that album was a long, single album (clocking in at 51 minutes), it is one of those rare albums that is filler-free. Blonde on Blonde doesn’t exactly contain filler, but several of the tracks lag when stacked up next to the album’s better cuts. If the album was trimmed down, I’m sure songs like “One of Us Must Know,” “Temporary Like Achilles,” and “4th Time Around” would have remained outtakes. Still, the album is a piece of history, and was released within months of some of the era’s greatest recorded documents, including The Beach BoysPet Sounds, The Velvet Underground & Nico, and The BeatlesSgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band. As Dylan predicted over two years earlier, they times they were a-changin’.


The Bootleg Series, Vol. 12: 1965–1966, The Cutting Edge

The Bootleg Series Vol. 12: The Cutting Edge 1965-1966 (2015)


Release Notes: The primary release is titled “The Best of the Cutting Edge” but is also available as an expanded “Deluxe Edition”/“Collector’s Edition”

Recorded: January 13, 1965 – March 10, 1966

Producer(s):

Tier: Enjoyable

Key Track(s):

Review:

A collection of outtakes and demos drawn from the period when Dylan was recording his most beloved albums.  So, while these recordings are not essential and are less effective than the original album master takes, the material on at least the two-disc “Best of the Cutting Edge” set is enjoyable even for a casual fan.


"I Want You" / "Just Like Tom Thumb's Blues"

“I Want You” / “Just Like Tom Thumb’s Blues” (1966) [Single]


Release Notes: A-side available on Blonde on Blonde; B-side available on Masterpieces

Recorded: Columbia Music Row Studios, Nashville, TN, March 10, 1966; Liverpool, England, UK, May 14, 1966

Producer(s): Bob Johnston

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Just Like Tom Thumb’s Blues”

Review:


The Bootleg Series, Vol. 4: Live 1966: The “Royal Albert Hall” Concert

The Bootleg Series Vol. 4: Live 1966 – The “Royal Albert Hall” Concert (1998)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Free Trade Hall, Manchester, England, UK, May 17, 1966

Producer: Jeff Rosen

Tier: Essential

Key Tracks: “Tell Me, Momma,” “Like a Rolling Stone”

Review:

The history of rock music is filled with its fair share of mythical documents, ones that half-exist: like The Beach BoysSMiLE and Jimi Hendrix‘s First Rays of the New Rising Sun. With this entry in Bob Dylan’s Bootleg Series, myth becomes truth … and happens to be just as satisfying. With his monumental double-LP Blonde on Blonde about to explode onto the scene, Dylan arrived in Manchester, England on May 17, 1966 to one of the strangest audiences in the history of popular music. They demanded an acoustic set from Dylan. They did not want him to play his “electric” rock material, though, paradoxically, they did, so at the very least to be given the opportunity to verbalize their superficial disapproval. They famously called him “Judas” for “selling out,” though they were more than willing to pay to see him play. That night, and for the nights before and after this on his tour with The Hawks in 1966, Bob Dylan was the eye of the hurricane of all popular culture. There would not be another live musical spectacle like this until the Sex Pistols‘ 1978 American tour.

Long-bootlegged and (incorrectly) etched into myth as The “Royal Albert Hall” Concert, Dylan delivers two fantastic sets, one acoustic and one electric. The acoustic set is the crowd-pleaser, and for good reason. Dylan’s vocals are more drawn-out and intimate than on his studio recordings. His renditions of “Mr. Tambourine Man,” “Desolation Row,” and “Visions of Johanna” rival the quality of their studio counterparts, as Dylan extends his harmonica solos and makes interesting lyrical revisions. While that set is satisfying, the electric set is the stuff of legend. Before Dylan counts off the previously unreleased “Tell Me, Momma,” the crowd can be heard bristling with angry energy, fueling Dylan and The Hawks’ to straight-up assault their instruments. Dylan’s characteristic drawl becomes a weapon, as he extends his syllables as long as he can in each measure. The lyrics, “Tell me momma, what is it? / What’s wrong with you? / This tiiiiiiiiiime” should not come off this forcefully, but they do. Nearly as potent is Robbie Robertson‘s guitar, which tears through many of these songs. Between-track banter reveals Dylan to be both amused and irritated. Serving to fuel the crowd’s ire even more are Dylan’s stellar rearrangements of some of his previously acoustic material, like “I Don’t Believe You,” “One Too Many Mornings,” and “Baby Let Me Follow You Down.” The set culminates with one of the most legendary moments in rock history. A member of the crowd yells “Judas!” at Dylan, referring to the man who betrayed Jesus Christ. He replies, “I don’t believe you. You’re a liar.” Dylan then directs The Hawks to “Play fucking loud!” They promptly rip into “Like a Rolling Stone.” Levon Helm‘s replacement, Mickey Jones, tears into the crash cymbals and they are off to the races. Dylan’s drawn-out syllables are transformed into bitter fuck-yous, as the disingenuous crowd which claims to hate this music helped turn the song into a number one hit the previous Fall.

Bob Dylan’s live recordings throughout the years have been notoriously inconsistent. This set, though not originally planned for release, was thankfully officially issued thirty-two years after it was initially performed. It easily stands as the best and most important of his live releases. Nearly two months after this show, Dylan was in a motorcycle accident that effectively ended this brilliant, kaleidoscopic moment of his career.


The 1966 Live Recordings

The 1966 Live Recordings (2016)


Release Notes: See also
The Real Royal Albert Hall 1966 Concert

Recorded: February 5, 1966 – May 27, 1966

Producer(s): Jeff Rosen, Steve Berkowitz

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


The Bootleg Series, Vol. 7: No Direction Home: The Soundtrack

The Bootleg Series Vol. 7: No Direction Home: The Soundtrack (2005)


Release Notes:

Recorded: 1959-1966

Producers: Jeff Rosen, Steve Berkowitz, Bruce Dickinson, and Martin Scorsese

Tier: For completists only

Key Track(s): “When I Got Troubles,” “Like a Rolling Stone (live),” “Chimes of Freedom (live)”

Review:


The Basement Tapes

Bob Dylan & The Band – The Basement Tapes (1975)


Release Notes: See also The Bootleg Series Vol. 11: The Basement Tapes – Raw

Recorded: “Big Pink” West Saugerties and other locations in and near Woodstock, NY, June-September, 1967 (plus recordings by The Band without Dylan from 1967-75)

Producer(s): Bob Dylan & The Band

Tier: Enjoyable

Key Track(s):

Review:

In 1967, while still keeping out of the public eye following the infamous motorcycle crash, Bob Dylan created a trove of recordings with The Band.  These were low-fidelity home recordings, mostly recorded — literally — in the basement of “Big Pink,” a rented house in West Saugerties, New York where The Band had set up operation and worked out the details for Music From Big Pink.  Dylan arrived for these informal sessions with plenty of new compositions.  The resulting tapes were passed around, and a host of artists began recording Dylan’s compositions (largely the point of passing the tapes—songwriting royalties).  The tapes themselves began to surface as “bootlegs” (including Great White Wonder), fostering the rather new concept of unauthorized releases.  Years later, in the mid-1970s, Dylan finally authorized an official release.  For puzzling reasons, the official release features only a selection of the original basement tapes packaged together with eight demos by The Band that did not involve Dylan and weren’t all from 1967.  The Basement Tapes have taken on a major cult following, complete with Dylan fans citing it as a favorite.  It is hard to deny that there are some impressive songs featured here — including some songwriting collaborations between Dylan and members of The Band.  Dylan was continuing to transform and move away from the apocalyptic abstraction of his mid-60s style.  There is a charm to the unpolished performances, and an enthusiasm and earnestness that transcends sloppy musicianship.  However, relative newcomers to the Dylan discography should not confuse this as an essential item.  This one is best suited to those already on board with Bob Dylan’s music, who want to hear him back in his younger days, at perhaps the peak of his popularity, playing music for music’s sake, freed from any pressing concerns for the business side of the music industry.


I'm Not There: Original Soundtrack

Various Artists – I’m Not There: Original Soundtrack (2007)


Release Notes:”I’m Not There” also available on The Bootleg Series Vol. 11: The Basement Tapes – Raw

Recorded: “Big Pink” West Saugerties and other locations in and near Woodstock, NY, June-September, 1967

Producer(s): Bob Dylan & The Band

Tier: For completists only

Key Track: “I’m Not There”

Review:

The soundtrack album for the Bizarro-World Bob Dylan biopic I’m Not There. features a variety of artists covering Dylan classics as well as some of his overlooked gems. The soundtrack is fairly dispensable and probably only worth purchasing for the title track, the only original Dylan recording on the 2CD set. The title of the highly regarded 2007 Todd Haynes vehicle emanates from a previously unofficially released cut from The Basement Tapes sessions that has long been hailed by Dylanologists as one of the best and most mysterious of his unreleased songs. While the lyrics are as hard to pin down as any of his relationship narratives from the period (including outtakes like “She’s Your Lover Now” and “I’ll Keep it With Mine”), musically it’s nowhere near as compelling. Still, when Dylan sings, “I’m not there, I’m gone,” it’s as if he’s explaining away his entire artistic enterprise. Dylan will forever remain rock’s most enigmatic personality. And even if he fumbles over his words and The Band misses several musical cues during this (what is ostensibly a) demo recording, it remains a compelling number.


The Bootleg Series, Vol. 11: The Basement Tapes Raw

Bob Dylan and The BandThe Bootleg Series Vol. 11: The Basement Tapes – Raw (2014)


Release Notes: Also available as
The Bootleg Series Vol. 11: The Basement Tapes – Complete

Recorded: “Big Pink” West Saugerties and other locations in and near Woodstock, NY, June-October, 1967

Producer(s): Jeff Rosen, Jan Haust, Steve Berkowitz

Tier: For completists only

Key Track(s):

Review:


John Wesley Harding

John Wesley Harding (1967)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Columbia Studio A, Nashville, TN, October 17, November 6 and 29, 1967

Producer(s): Bob Johnston

Tier: Highly recommended

Key Track(s): “All Along the Watchtower,” “John Wesley Harding,” “I Dreamed I Saw St. Augustine,” “I Pity the Poor Immigrant,” “I’ll Be Your Baby Tonight”

Review:

After the enormous success of Blonde on Blonde, Bob Dylan had his motorcycle accident and he retreated from the public eye.  He wouldn’t put on a public concert for a few more years, and it would be about eight years before he toured again.  After exploring rootsier music in private with The Band in recording The Basement Tapes demos, he made something of a break with his more recent studio recordings for John Wesley Harding.  While the listening public was supposedly expecting some sort of psychedelic studio monstrosity from the convalescing motorpsycho nightmare Bob Dylan, he quickly recovered from his mystery-shrouded tumble and cut this unassuming, stripped-down LP.  In what would come to characterize a lot of Dylan’s later recordings, there is something of a search for peace and solitude in this music, as opposed to the brash and bold music of Highway 61 Revisited and Blonde on Blonde.  He turned away from what listeners might have expected.  Now Dylan was exploring myth and historical curiosities of the American Old West and its frontier.  The album title is about Texas gunfighter John Wesley Hardin (Dylan changed the spelling here).  The entire album is something of a return to more traditional folk music, but with a significant change from Dylan’s earliest albums.  This album was recorded with a backing band, and the drums of Kenny Buttrey and bass of Charlie McCoy propel the music forward.  If any of Dylan’s albums deserve the description “folk-rock” he so disliked, it’s probably this one.  Recorded entirely in Nashville, Dylan’s vocals are noticeably stronger than on so many of his recordings.  His nasal whine and mumbled grunts are held in check.

The songs tend to be good, even if some are content to merely lock into a simple groove.  “All Along the Watchtower” is a song usurped by Jimi Hendrix for an incendiary cover version on next year’s Electric Ladyland.  Although the version by Hendrix is iconic, Dylan’s original version is still vital.  Dylan’s version has a pressing weariness that is completely different from the ominous desperation of the electrified Hendrix version (which tends to be used in almost every Hollywood Vietnam War movie).

While perhaps not as immediately ear-catching to the newcomer as the last few albums, John Wesley Harding remains among Dylan’s best albums.


A Tribute to Woody Guthrie Part One
Various Artists – A Tribute to Woody Guthrie: Part One (1972)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Carnegie Hall, New York, NY, January 20, 1968

Producer(s):

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Nashville Skyline

Nashville Skyline (1969)


Release Notes: available on

Recorded: Columbia Studio A, Nashville, TN, February 13, 14 and 17-21 1969

Producer(s): Bob Johnston

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Girl from the North Country” (with Johnny Cash), “To Be Alone with You,” “Lay Lady Lay,” “Tonight I’ll Be Staying Here With You”

Review:



Lord Knows I Paid Some Dues Gettin’ Through: The Struggle for Relevance in the 1970s

The preeminent rock critic Lester Bangs wrote in part of a series of December 1977 articles in New Musical Express (reprinted in Psychotic Reactions and Carburetor Dung) on The Clash, “Dylan faked his whole career; the only difference was that he used to be good at it and now he sucks.”  The 1970s were tumultuous times in Bob Dylan’s career.  Some listeners dismiss almost everything he produced in the decade (while others consider it his peak!).  Certainly, popular tastes continued to change, and Dylan was no longer considered an innovator.  Yet the decade marked his return to touring, and he staged multiple large, elaborate tours.  His record sales were actually the greatest they would ever be.  Tumult continue in his personal life too.  Dylan moved from the East Coast to Malibu, California in 1973, and began an enormous (and expensive) renovation and expansion of his family’s home there.  In 1977 Dylan divorced his first wife.


Self Portrait

Self Portrait (1970)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Nashville, TN, April 24 & 26 and May 3, 1969; Isle of Wight Festival, August 31, 1969; New York, NY, March 3-5, 1970

Producer: Bob Johnston

Tier: For completists only

Key Tracks: “Days of 49,” “Copper Kettle,” “Quinn the Eskimo (The Mighty Quinn)”

Review:

Rock critic Greil Marcus‘ first reaction to Self Portrait summed up the general critical consensus about the album for many years that followed: “What is this shit?” What provoked his response? Ever since his second album (The Freewheelin’ Bob Dylan), Dylan built his reputation being a singer/songwriter. On this album, only a quarter of the album’s twenty four songs are newly released Dylan compositions. Of these songs, three are largely instrumental or feature minimal lyrics (such as the odd opener, “All the Tired Horses”). Another thing that confounded listeners at the time was Dylan’s seeming interest in studio embellishments, something his previous albums were remarkably free of (despite the psychedelic rock era’s fondness for studio trickeration). Here, several tracks features female vocal choruses, horn arrangements, and string sections. Furthermore, Dylan decides to tackle relatively saccharine pop fare (Gordon Lightfoot‘s “Early Mornin’ Rain,” Simon & Garfunkel‘s “The Boxer,” and other standards such as “Blue Moon,” “Let it Be Me,” and “I Forgot More than You’ll Ever Know”). One last strange detail is the arbitrary inclusion in the track sequence of four performances from his August 31, 1969 appearance at the Isle of Wight Festival (“Like a Rolling Stone,” “Minstrel Boy,” “She Belongs to Me,” and “Quinn the Eskimo [The Mighty Quinn]”). Therefore, Marcus’ reaction should come as no surprise. Though Dylan has at various times since its release claimed it was released “as a joke” or as an “official bootleg,” it is clear that he was tired of the countercultural expectations heaped upon him since the surprise success of “Blowin’ in the Wind” in 1963. As a result, Self Portrait has a carelessness about it uncharacteristic of his previous efforts. By focusing more on his singing, arranging, and instrumentation than his own songwriting, Self Portrait essentially becomes his stab at a late 1960s/early 1970s Elvis Presley album.

Though Self Portrait is nowhere near as miserable as its critical reputation would suggest, it is a mess of an album. Tracks like “All the Tired Horses,” “Let it Be Me,” “The Boxer,” and a fumbling rendition of his most popular song, “Like a Rolling Stone,” would top a discussion of his most embarrassing moments on officially released records. The track sequencing is similarly atrocious, with the random inclusion of the Isle of Wight performances and the need for two versions of the traditional tracks “Alberta” and “Little Sadie.” This clearly suggests a lack of care or an inattention to detail. That being said, there are some genuinely inspired moments on the album. The traditional songs here are the consistent highlight of the set, as he and his group are focused, especially on “Days of 49,” “In Search of Little Sadie,” and “Alberta #1.” “Copper Kettle” features a similarly strong vocal from Dylan and solid production from the usually choppy Bob Johnston, whose string arrangements on the track are pitch-perfect. Another highlight is the live take on The Basement Tapes-era composition “Quinn the Eskimo (The Mighty Quinn),” which finds Dylan at his most exuberant. One more strange highlight appears on the album: “Wigwam.” Thanks to the adept ear of film director Wes Anderson (and his use of it in the soundtrack for his 2001 masterpiece The Royal Tenenbaums), the song has gained a second life. It typifies both the strengths and weaknesses of the entire project. It features, at least by Dylan’s previous standards, an unusual horn arrangement. Similarly, Dylan provides no lyrics at all, instead humming “la la la la la la” throughout the entirety of the track.

Subsequent interviews with Bob Dylan suggest he remains deeply ambivalent toward the album. And examination of his concert database shows that very few of these song have been performed at all as part of his subsequent concert repertoire. Similarly, in his various editions of Lyrics, none of the songs from this album have had their lyrics printed. Perhaps due to the album’s decades-long status as wasteland of the entire Dylan discography, Self Portrait has in recent years elevated its reputation, remaining one of the few albums in Dylan’s oeuvre with a “cult following.”


"Wigwam" / "Thirsty Boots"

“Wigwam” / “Thirsty Boots” (2013) [Single]


Release Notes:

Recorded:

Producer(s):

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Key Track(s): “Thirsty Boots”

Review:


Dylan

Dylan (1973)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Columbia Studio A, Nashville, TN, April 24 and 26, 1969, and Studio E, New York, NY, June 3 and 4, 1970

Producer(s): Bob Johnston

Tier: For completists only

Key Track(s): “Can’t Help Falling in Love,” “Mr. Bojangles”

Review:

After Dylan departed from Columbia Records for the fledgling Asylum Records in the early 1970s, Columbia took outtakes from Self Portrait and New Morning, and, without Dylan’s knowledge, released them as Dylan.  It is frequently maligned as the very worst Dylan album.  Can it be?  Absolutely not.  Is it a good Dylan album?  Absolutely not.  Dylan is a collection of cover tunes, without a single original Dylan composition.  The thing is, this is much more focused than Self Portrait and has fewer head-scratchers than New Morning.  Dylan may be purposefully stepping out of character here, but the results are respectable, even if by no means too impressive.  Side one in particular is pretty decent all the way through, with a slow burn quality that has some small bit of power.  Side two slouches some more, with much of the backing vocals seemingly under-rehearsed, and with Joni Mitchell‘s “Big Yellow Taxi” too self-consciously tethered to a new rhythm.  But you have to admit that Dylan’s singing is generally stronger here than on New Morning.  While this is no lost classic, it’s a better album than its reputation suggests.  Still, there’s no reason to go to any lengths to seek this out.


New Morning

New Morning (1970)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Columbia Studio B, New York, NY, May 1, 1970, Columbia Studio E, New York, NY, June 1-5 and August 12, 1970.

Producers: Bob Johnston, Bob Dylan and Al Kooper (only Johnston is formally credited)

Tier: For completists only

Key Tracks: “If Not for You,” “The Man in Me,” “New Morning”

Review:


"Watching the River Flow" / "Spanish Is the Loving Tongue"

“Watching the River Flow” / “Spanish Is the Loving Tongue” (1971) [Single]


Release Notes: A-side available on Bob Dylan’s Greatest Hits Vol. II; B-side currently unavailable in any format

Recorded: March 16-19, 1971, New York, NY

Producers: A-side: Bob Dylan, Leon Russell (uncredited); B-side: Bob Johnston

Tier: Enjoyable

Key Track: “Watching the River Flow”

Review:

This release was one of only two singles Bob Dylan released between 1970 (New Morning) and 1973 (Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid). “Watching the River Flow” is one of Dylan’s biggest productions to date, anchored by the piano playing of Leon Russell. It is a rather serviceable if unspectacular song about being granted a momentary reprieve from the burdens of life. “Spanish is the Loving Tongue,” though not exactly a great song, is a great performance. Essentially a song about a one-night stand with a Mexican woman, it is Dylan’s singing and sturdy piano playing that make this track worth hearing. It is as emotionally naked as anything Dylan had sung since he recorded “She’s Your Lover Now” with The Hawks in 1965 or Blonde on Blonde‘s “Sad Eyed Lady of the Lowlands.” Essentially a demo, just Dylan alone with his piano, he really squeezes all the emotional he can out of this rather slight lyric.


The Bootleg Series Vol. 10: Another Self Portrait (1969–1971)

The Bootleg Series Vol. 10: Another Self Portrait (1969–1971) (2013)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Columbia Recording Studios, New York, NY, 1967, February 13, 1969 to March 19, 1971

Producer(s): Bob Johnston, Bob Dylan and Al Kooper (only Johnston is formally credited)

Tier: Highly recommended

Key Track(s): “New Morning (with horn section overdubs),” “Spanish Is the Loving Tongue (unreleased),” “Highway 61 Revisited (Live with The Band, Isle of Wight, 1969)”

Review:


The Concert for Bangla Desh

Various Artists – The Concert for Bangla Desh (1971)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Madison Square Garden, New York, NY, August 1, 1971.

Producer(s): George Harrison, Phil Spector

Tier: Enjoyable

Key Track(s): “A Hard Rain’s a Gonna Fall”

Review:

Ex-Beatle (and future Traveling Wilbury) George Harrison organized the world’s first major benefit concert spectacular in 1971 (previous examples were on a much smaller scale) to aid refugees from the war of secession of East Pakistan (becoming Bangladesh) from West Pakistan.  Harrison gathered many of his famous musician friends for the event, including Bob Dylan.  The concerts (there were two held the same day) marked Dylan’s only second true live concert appearance since his motorcycle accident in 1966 (he did make a brief appearance at a concert by The Band and played for television).  If doubts remained as to his ability to perform following the crash, this concert dispelled them (though perhaps it fueled speculation that the crash never really did hinder him).  He is backed by Harrison, Ringo Starr and Leon Russell on a few nearly acoustic renditions of some of his 1960s classics.  He plays them relatively “straight”, free from tinkering and reworkings, with the exception of a stripped down version of “It Takes a Lot to Laugh, It Takes a Train to Cry.”  In many ways the six songs featured on the commemorative album were the strongest live performances Dylan would release in the Seventies.  This was just the first charity project Dylan would undertake over the coming years, with others including U.S.A. for Africa, Live Aid, Farm Aid, and Christmas in the Heart.  The Concert for Bangla Desh also raised some early alarms about whether celebrity benefit projects really work, with much of the money intended for the refugees held up by U.S. tax officials (this was, after all, an era when the United States government would only grant “aid” to other nations in the form of loans with a net benefit that favored the donor — necessitating ironic quotes around the word “aid”), and with Harrison having to explicitly deny use of his image on the album cover (after Harrison’s death, the record company would replace the original image of a refugee with Harrison’s image on reissues).


Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits Vol. II

Bob Dylan’s Greatest Hits Vol. II (1971)


Release Notes: A/K/A More Bob Dylan Greatest Hits; included on Greatest Hits Volumes I-III

Recorded: previously released material recorded 1962-1971 various locations; previously unreleased material recorded Town Hall, New York, NY, April 12, 1963, Blue Rock Studios, New York, NY, between March 16 and 19, 1971, Columbia Studio B, New York, NY, September 24, 1971.

Producer(s): Bob Dylan for previously unreleased material

Tier: Enjoyable

Key Track(s): “When I Paint My Masterpiece,” “I Shall Be Released”

Review:

For the follow-up to the hugely successful (and premium-priced) Bob Dylan’s Greatest Hits, Dylan would present a double-album compilation of additional hits together with nearly an entire LP side of previously unreleased material.  A few of the selections here are not really Dylan’s “best”, like the serviceable single “Watching the River Flow” and the coarse live recording of “The Mighty Quinn (Quinn the Eskimo)” (a hit for Manfred Mann in a much superior recording).  The unreleased material combines one archival live recording from his pre-electric folk period (“Tomorrow Is a Long Time”) and a handful of newly recorded material prepared especially for this package.  Although so many “greatest hits” compilations are sullied by the inclusion of sub-standard new tracks designed to entice buyers who already have most of the material, Dylan is invested in the project and the new numbers hold up well.


George Jackson

George Jackson (1971) [Single]


Release Notes: A-side “George Jackson (Big Band Version)” available on Masterpieces; B-side “George Jackson (Acoustic Version)” available on Listen, Whitey! the Sounds of Black Power 1967-1974 and Side Tracks

Recorded: November 4, 1971.

Producer(s): Bob Dylan

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


Pat Garrett & Billy the Kid

Pat Garrett & Billy the Kid (1973)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Columbia Studios, Mexico City, Mexico, January 20 and 21, February 1973.

Producer(s): Gordon Carroll

Tier: For completists only

Key Track(s): “Knockin’ on Heaven’s Door”

Review:


Planet Waves

Planet Waves (1974)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Village Recorder, Los Angeles, CA, November 5, 6 and 9, 1973.

Producer(s): Rob Fraboni

Tier: For completists only

Key Track(s): “On a Night Like This,” “Going Going Gone,” “Forever Young” [Side One version]

Review:

Columbia Records was the only record label that gave the young Dylan a chance, and stuck with him despite poor initial sales.  Yet in the early 1970s Dylan made a gambit.  He signed a contract with a new label Asylum Records.  This resulted in Planet Waves and the live album Before the Flood, his first proper new albums in over three years.  Soon enough though, Columbia wooed Dylan back (and acquired rights to re-release his Asylum output).  In many ways, these career moves had a major impact on much of the rest of Dylan’s creative output.  From this point forward he would have relatively unquestioned latitude.

Planet Waves was a return to more stripped-down folk music, like John Wesley Harding.  Dylan is backed by The Band.  While this was his most commercially successful album to date, it has not aged particularly well.  Harbingers of things to come were the rather shoddy under-production and unenthusiastic performances.  A kind of laziness in the recording process made its first appearance here — setting aside Self Portrait.  This album did mark a thematic shift, with a mixture of nostalgic yearning (“Forever Young,” “On a Night Like This,” “You Angel You”) on the one hand, and rolling anger and melancholy (“Going, Going, Gone,” “Dirge”) on the other.  There are definitely a lot of songs that seem to reference Dylan’s marriage, which was headed for divorce in a few years.


Before the Flood

Bob Dylan / The BandBefore the Flood (1974)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Madison Square Garden, New York, NY, January 30 and 31, 1974; Center Coliseum, Seattle, WA, February 9, 1974; Alameda County Coliseum, Oakland, CA, February 11, 1974; Los Angeles, February 13 and 14, 1974.

Producer(s): Bob Dylan & The Band

Tier: Enjoyable

Key Track(s):

Review:

Throughout his career, Dylan would remake and update his old “warhorse” compositions from the 1960s (and beyond) to suit contemporary styles — or at least to suit whatever Dylan’s interests were at the time.  This was the first such effort.  Before the Flood was culled from various live shows in early 1974 performed with The Band.  This was his first real tour in many years.  Dylan takes a bunch of his songs and makes them arena-rock ready, which was the format of these concerts (reflected by the sea of lighters in the darkness on the album cover).  The approach leans on bolder statements, eschewing any intimacy that would be inaudible in a large arena or stadium.  Some of the songs are those of The Band, and Dylan isn’t involved.  But The Band backs Dylan on many of his songs, with Dylan also performing some songs acoustic and solo.  The arena rock performances sound of their time, but are still quite respectable.  Alternating in concert between acoustic folk and electrified rock was something Dylan had been doing since his first electric concerts in the 1960s.  It actually works for him in that over his whole career it might be said that Dylan was more effective playing folk than rock, and the latter might even be called a passing flirtation or obligation to him (maybe).  This album is not particularly essential or revelatory, but it can hold its own against any of Dylan’s live albums except for The Bootleg Series Vol. 4.


Blood on the Tracks

Blood on the Tracks (1975)


Release Notes:

Recorded: A&R Recording Studios, New York, NY, September 16, 17 and 19, 1974, Sound 80 Studio, Minneapolis, MN, December 27, 30, 1974.

Producer(s): Bob Dylan

Tier: Highly recommended

Key Track(s): “Idiot Wind,” “You’re a Big Girl Now,” “Buckets of Rain”

Review:

Blood on the Tracks tends to be Dylan’s most acclaimed album of the 1970s.  It has remained more popular than both Bringing It All Back Home and Highway 61 Revisited (combined!), which is something of a surprise.  This isn’t the kind of album that makes for easy listening, at least not on any kind of regular basis.  It’s a downer all the way through.  Though for some listeners in a similar state of mind it is the Dylan album they can relate to most.  It was recorded during a time when Dylan’s personal life was in turmoil.  His first marriage was headed for divorce.  While he has denied that this album is autobiographical, some (his son included) have suggested otherwise.  Regardless of whether the specifics of the songs are meant to be autobiographical or not, this morose music is definitely focused on matters of crumbling and failed relationships, and presents a look back at the aftermath from many different angles.

Sonically, this album furthers what was happening on Planet Waves and completes an about-face from everything that New Morning tried to be.  New Morning seemed like Dylan attempting to sound contemporary and relevant by making overtures to the then-popular California singer-songwriter movement, with a more sonically ornate and orchestrated approach.  Blood on the Tracks was Dylan firmly back in a folk-oriented mode, with minimal, mostly acoustic instrumentation and relatively few demands on Dylan’s limited vocal abilities.  The album has a cold and icy feel.  Use of a mandolin in place of guitar at times contributes to that feeling.

Dylan went through a number of formulations of this album.  Early on he planned it as a rock album, and for a time tried to recruit former associate Mike Bloomfield to play guitar.  Eventually, though, that approach was replaced with an acoustic one.  Dylan next began work in New York City with Eric Weissberg and his band Deliverance (one of Dylan’s very first paying gigs was opening for Weissberg’s early band The Greenbriar Boys), but then changed lineups again and retained only a few people from Weissberg’s band.  Then, after discussions with his brother David, he went to Minneapolis and re-recorded a few of the songs for the album.

Everything here has a bitter and angry tone, with a more narrative lyrical approach (“Tangled Up in Blue,” “Simple Twist of Fate”) than anything since his very earliest days as an unknown folkie doing talking blues songs.  A song like “Idiot Wind” has even more pure venom than “Positively 4th Street” from the 60s.  This isn’t a particularly hopeful album.  Actually, it evinces a kind of hard cynicism.  To the extent these songs were intended to be autobiographical, it may be hard to give them credit as anything remotely objective.  The songs tend to present the protagonist as a victim, someone wronged, but generally not someone responsible or to blame (a pervasive trend in his writing?).  For that reason, this album is sometimes cited by those who consider Dylan a misogynist or misanthrope.  Listeners can decide for themselves how much they believe these songs to be “true”, autobiographical, or what Dylan’s motivations might be — or if those things even matter to the music at all.


More Blood, More Tracks: The Bootleg Series Vol 14

More Blood, More Tracks: The Bootleg Series Vol. 14 (2018)

Release Notes:

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Review:


Desire

Desire (1976)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Columbia Studio E, New York, NY, July to October, 1975.

Producer(s): Don De Vito

Tier: Enjoyable

Key Track(s): “Hurricane,” “Black Diamond Bay”

Review:


4 Songs From "Renaldo and Clara"

4 Songs From “Renaldo and Clara” (1978) [EP]


Release Notes: promotional only, never commercially released; “A Hard Rain’s Gonna Fall” was available on Dignity [MTV Unplugged] (now out of print)

Recorded: Studio Instrumental Rentals, New York, NY, October 30 or 31, 1975; The Rolling Thunder Revue, Cambridge, MA, November 20, 1975 and Montreal, Quebec, Canada, December 4, 1975.

Producer(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


The Bootleg Series Vol. 5: Live 1975 - The Rolling Thunder Revue

The Bootleg Series Vol. 5: Live 1975 – The Rolling Thunder Revue (2002)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Between November 19 and December 4, 1975.

Producer(s): Jeff Rosen and Steve Berkowitz

Tier: For completists only

Key Track(s): “Tonight I’ll Be Staying Here With You,” “Tangled Up in Blue”

Review:


Stuck Inside of Mobile With the Memphis Blues Again" / "Rita May"

“Stuck Inside of Mobile With the Memphis Blues Again [Live Edit]” / “Rita May” (1976) [Single]


Release Notes: A-side available on Hard Rain; B-side available on Masterpieces

Recorded: A-side recorded at Hughes Stadium, Fort Collins, CO, May 16, 1976; B-side recorded at Columbia Recording Studio E, New York, NY, July 30, 1975.

Producer(s): Bob Dylan, Don De Vito

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Rita May”

Review:


Hard Rain

Hard Rain (1976)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Hughes Stadium, Fort Collins, CO, May 16 and 23, 1976.

Producer(s): Don De Vito and Bob Dylan

Tier: For completists only

Key Track(s): “Maggie’s Farm”

Review:

The Rolling Thunder Revue had two legs, one in 1975 along mostly the Eastern seaboard, and a second in 1976 penetrating into the Middle West.  It began like a traveling version of a beatnik happening, the stage crowded with performers.  But while the smaller shows of the first leg may have allowed warm moments to percolate into the music, the second leg had a less welcoming feel.  Dylan had transitioned to big shows and he had his sights set on a television broadcast.  Most of the album is drawn from the same show eventually aired on television — filmed only after Dylan had a falling out with a filmmaker that deflated plans to use an earlier-filmed Florida concert.  Napoleon had his Waterloo, and Dylan, it seems, the Hard Rain recording.  This is Bob Dylan’s defeat.  Hunter S. Thompson wrote how with the right set of eyes you could look West and see the high water mark, where the wave of the 1960s counter-culture crashed and rolled back.  Dylan was someone carried along by the same wave as the rest of the movement.  Hard Rain is that great wave crashing against the shore and rolling back.  Dylan seems exasperated, at a loss with what to do to juggle artistic and commercial concerns, and plain worn out by that process.  So, in a way fitting the desperation of the performances, he yells as much as he sings.  Words like “hackneyed” and “hubris” roll easily off the tongue to describe much of this.  Even Dylan, the chosen one of 1960s rock superstardom can’t command, much less reconfigure, the wiles of only meagerly sympathetic inland audiences.  It seems silly he even gave it a try.  Like the counter-cultural wave, he was big, but not big enough.  He sure has worse albums out there.  Yet this evidence suggested that Dylan was probably going to focus on bland, clichéd approaches to music during the rest of his career, which as often as not proved to be the case.  Bob Dylan the apostate folk/rock revolutionary was starting to show himself.


At Bodukan

At Budokan (1979)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Nippon Budokan Hall, Tokyo, Japan, February 28 and March 1, 1978.

Producer(s): Don De Vito

Tier: For completists only

Key Track(s):

Review:


Street-Legal

Street-Legal (1978)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Rundown Studios, Santa Monica, CA, April 25-28, 1978.

Producer: Don De Vito

Tier: For completists only

Key Tracks: “Changing of the Guards,” “Señor (Tales of Yankee Power)”

Review:

After a brief resurgence with Blood on the Tracks, Desire, and his successful Rolling Thunder Revue tour, Dylan’s decade-long descent into mediocrity begins here. The title of the album implies a toughness that it never delivers on. Don De Vito’s thin production makes it sound like a collection of demos. In fact, when it was reissued on CD in 1999, it was remixed by De Vito. Dylan’s large backing group, complete with horns and backing vocals (and probably inspired by comparisons with Bruce Springsteen‘s E Street Band), sounds a little too loose and unrehearsed at times, though their commitment to the material generally makes up for these occasional lapses. The album opens strongly with “Changing of the Guards,” probably the highlight of the album. It also looks forward, prophetically, to his Christian output over the next five years. After that, the tracks get exceedingly monotonous. The other highlight is “Señor (Tales of Yankee Power),” which features somewhat more subtle instrumentation than the other tracks. Though many Dylanologists cherish this album, newcomers won’t be all that impressed.



Are You There God, It’s Me Bob Dylan: Conversion to Christianity

In the late 1970s, Dylan — raised Jewish — converted to Christianity.  His was a type of Christianity that believed that the apocalypse was nigh.  His music became overtly Christian during this phase.  Although sometimes overlooked in hindsight, Dylan’s recordings from this period were popular.  Into the early 1980s, Dylan’s albums included greater amounts of secular material and the religious material became less dogmatic.  During this time he began to flirt with associations to the fading punk movement, but no recordings of that sort were released.  Also of note during this period was a lawsuit with former manager Albert Grossman that stretched on for many years, the basic problem being that Dylan was essentially withholding money contractually owed to Grossman because Dylan unilaterally decided that lesser amounts were fair.


Slow Train Coming

Slow Train Coming (1979)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Muscle Shoals Sound Studios, Sheffield, AL, April 30 to May 11, 1979.

Producer(s): Jerry Wexler, Barry Beckett

Tier: Enjoyable

Key Track(s): “Gotta Serve Somebody,” “I Believe in You”

Review:

Just when it seemed Dylan had given up on any sort of consistent effort in his recordings, he made a trip down to Muscle Shoals studios in Alabama, the source for many 1960s soul classics, and recorded Slow Train Coming.  It has a smooth disco R&B/soul sound, like a mellower, less emotional counterpart to Bowie‘s Young Americans or even a more intellectual counterpart to the lily-white blues rock of Eric Clapton (Slowhand, etc.).  It’s a little too much in the vein of adult contemporary easy listening for its own good, but it still manages to be decent with a few good new songs.  The album benefits tremendously by having Dylan actually trying throughout, and having active involvement of outside producers Jerry Wexler and Barry Beckett.  This marked the dawn of Dylan’s christian phase, though the religious elements are not particularly imposing — yet.  After wrangling with Columbia records, he was able to reference christianity with the cross-like pick ax depicted on the cover.  Some listeners like this one a lot.  It doesn’t really impress, but it comes across as a lot more focused and polished than many other things Dylan mustered around this time.


"Gotta Serve Somebody" / "Troulbe in Mind"

“Gotta Serve Somebody” / “Trouble in Mind” (1979) [Single]


Release Notes: A-side available on Slow Train Coming

Recorded:

Producer(s): Jerry Wexler, Barry Beckett

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Trouble in Mind”

Review:


Saved

Saved (1980)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Muscle Shoals Sound Studios, Sheffield, AL, February 11–15, 1980.

Producer(s): Jerry Wexler, Barry Beckett

Tier: For completists only

Key Tracks: “Satisfied Mind,” “Saved”

Review:

Saved came at the height of Dylan’s Christian phase, and it is all overtly religious music.  It isn’t a bad record, and under the circumstances has aged fairly well.  Yet this one is probably going to appeal mostly to listeners who already have an explicit interest in gospel music.


"Heart of Mine" / "The Groom's Still Waiting at the Altar"
“Heart of Mine” / “The Groom’s Still Waiting at the Altar” (1981) [Single]


Release Notes: currently unavailable; both songs are on the current CD issue of Shot of Love

Recorded: Rundown Studios in Santa Monica, CA, March-May, 1981

Producers: Chuck Plotkin and Bob Dylan

Tier: Enjoyable

Key Track: “The Groom’s Still Waiting at the Altar”

Review:

With this single, Dylan began to display his ineptitude for quality control regarding the track selection for his LPs, a frustrating trait that would continue to dog him throughout the remainder of the 1980s. “The Groom’s Still Waiting for the Altar,” questionably relegated to the B-side, it can be argued, is his best song since 1976’s “Hurricane.” For some mysterious reason, Dylan left it off Shot of Love. Over the next decade, similarly wonderful tracks like “Angelina,” “Blind Willie McTell,” and “Dignity,” for example, would all be left of his albums. The track bristles with energy, as all of his rushed studio “experiments” with horn sections over the previous five years or so are given a careful, impactful realization here. The A-side, culled from the tepid Shot of Love, has the feel of an expedited, frustrated take its author did not want to return to.


Shot of Love

Shot of Love (1981)


Release Notes: available on

Recorded: Clover Studio, Los Angeles, CA, May 1-15, 1981

Producer(s): Chuck Plotkin, possibly also Bob Dylan and Bumps Blackwell

Tier: Enjoyable

Key Track(s): “Every Grain of Sand,” “Heart of Mine,” “In the Summertime”

Review:


The Bootleg Series Vol. 13: Trouble No More 1979-1981

The Bootleg Series Vol. 13: Trouble No More 1979-1981 (2017)


Release Notes: available in a standard two-disc version with just live recordings, as well as expanded deluxe editions that add more live recordings and some studio outtakes

Recorded: 1978-1981

Producer(s):

Tier: For completists only

Key Track(s):

Review:

A rather mediocre collection of mostly live recordings from Dylan’s christian phase.  Much of this awkwardly sits halfway between the gospel trappings of Saved and the limp pub rock of Real Live.  Although Dylan’s christian period produced better music than he’s sometimes given credit for, this collection presents no real revelations (no pun intended) and should only be of interest to obsessive collectors.


Infidels

Infidels (1983)


Release Notes:

Recorded: The Power Station, New York, NY, April–May 1983

Producer(s):  Bob Dylan, Mark Knopfler

Tier: For completists only

Key Track(s):

Review:


Hawaii Five-O: Original Songs From The Television Series

Various Artists – Hawaii Five-O: Original Songs from the TV Series (2011)


Release Notes:

Recorded:

Producer(s):

Tier:

Key Track: “Don’t Ever Take Yourself Away”

Review:



Everything is Broken: The Eighties and Nineties

Dylan’s popularity waned in the 1980s.  He released a number of poorly-received albums, with a few highlights here and there.  His “christian” phase definitely came to an end.  One biographer identified him as being an alcoholic during this period.  Dylan was married a second time to one of his backing signers, but kept the marriage secret through an eventual divorce (there was also an allegation of another secret marriage).  He had some success as a member of the “supergroup” Traveling Wilburys, and at one point sought to join The Grateful Dead (but was turned down).  He began a “Never Ending Tour” in the late 80s, and began to show renewed interest in his career in the 90s.  However, Dylan released no recordings of new original songs through most of the 90s.


Real Live

Real Live (1984)


Release Notes:

Recorded: St. James’ Park, Newcastle, England, UK, July 5, 1984, Wembley Stadium, London, England, UK, July 7, 1984, and Slane Castle, Slane, County Meath, Ireland July 8, 1984.

Producer(s): Glyn Johns

Tier: For completists only

Key Track(s): “Tangled Up in Blue [alternate lyrics],” “Masters of War”

Review:

Dylan toured Europe in support of Infidels.  He enlisted former Rolling Stone Mick Taylor from the Infidels sessions and Ian McLagan, but not guitarist Mark Knopfler or the bass/drums rhythm section of Sly & Robbie from the Infidels sessions.  Real Live was culled from three July dates in England and Ireland.  Carlos Santana makes a guest appearance on “Tombstone Blues” from one of the English dates.  This touring band plays a professional sort of pub rock, but largely without much personality.  It’s adequate but unimpressive contemporary rock for the most part.  It does sound a hell of a lot more modern than maybe anything in Dylan’s catalog, though.  It may not be the disaster than some make it out to be, but it’s still a pretty middling effort.  Most listeners can skip past it.  The curious may be interested to know that Dylan had frequented some punk concerts in the early 80s due to his son’s interest, and a few months before recording Real Live he appeared on the TV show “Late Night with David Letterman” with The Plugz as his backing band.  He captured a lot of punk energy on great renditions of “Jokerman” and “License to Kill.”  But that proved to be his only appearance with that particular backing band.  It’s a little hard to hear Real Live and not wish that The Plugz had toured with him to record this album instead of a cast of aging rock dinosaurs.


We Are the World

USA for AfricaWe Are the World (1985) [Single]


Release Notes:

Recorded: January 28, 1985, A&M Recording Studios, Los Angeles, CA

Producer(s): Quincy Jones, Tom Bahler

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


Empire Burlesque

Empire Burlesque (1985)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Delta Sound Studios, New York, NY, July 26, 1984; Cherokee Studios, Hollywood, CA, December 14, 1984, January 28, February 5 and 14, 1985; The Power Station, New York, NY, February 19, 20, and 23, and March 3, 1985; possibly other sessions as well, such as at Ocean Way Studios, Hollywood, CA.

Producer(s): Arthur Baker

Tier: Enjoyable

Key Track(s): “Tight Connection to My Heart (Has Anybody Seen My Love),” “Dark Eyes,” “Emotionally Yours”

Review:


Band of the Hand

Bob Dylan With The HeartbreakersBand of the Hand (1986) [Single]


Release Notes: taken from the Band of the Hand soundtrack

Recorded:

Producer(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


Knocked Out Loaded

Knocked Out Loaded (1986)


Release Notes:

Recorded: April–June 1986

Producer(s): Bob Dylan

Tier: For completists only

Key Track(s): “Brownsville Girl”

Review:

Considered one of the worst Dylan albums.  This finds him summoning a kind of weird hybrid of the Vegas show band trappings of At Budokan and the gospel of Saved.  But those things are filled out with lazy blues rock, Caribbean exoticism, and do-good pandering.  But in spite of the lack of effort and poor decision-making, this could have been worse, and it is helped by presence of the surprisingly good “Brownsville Girl.”


Hearts of Fire

Hearts of Fire: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack (1987)


Release Notes:

Recorded:

Producer(s): Beau Hill

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


Down in the Groove

Down in the Groove (1988)


Release Notes:

Recorded: 1983-87; locations unknown

Producer(s):  unknown

Tier: Avoid

Key Track(s): “Ninety Miles an Hour (Down a Dead End Street)”

Review:

A contender to be the very worst Dylan album.  A shifting “all-star” cast in support is no reason to seek this out.  An unfocused and overproduced mess.  There is no reason to hear this ever.


Dylan & The Dead

Dylan & The DeadDylan & The Dead (1989)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Sullivan Stadium, Foxboro, MA, July 4, 1987; Autzen Stadium, Eugene, OR, July 19, 1987; Oakland Coliseum, Oakland, CA, July 24, 1987; Anaheim Stadium, Anaheim, CA, July 26, 1987

Producer(s): Jerry Garcia and John Cutler

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:

The Grateful Dead had a good relationship with Dylan.  A collaborative tour was staged in the 1980s.  Dylan, possibly seeking some kind of escape form the burdens of a solo career, asked to join the Dead.  His membership was vetoed by one member (Phil Lesh).  This album is very poorly received.


Folkways: A Vision Shared - A Tribute to Woddy Guthrie and Leadbelly

Various Artists – Folkways: A Vision Shared – A Tribute to Woody Guthrie and Leadbelly (1988)


Release Notes:

Recorded:

Producer(s): Harold Leventhal

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Pretty Boy Floyd”

Review:


Traveling Wilburys, Vol. 1

Traveling WilburysTraveling Wilburys, Vol. 1 (1988)


Release Notes: included on The Traveling Wilburys Collection

Recorded: April to May, 1988, Lucky Studios and Dave Stewart Studios, Los Angeles, CA, overdubs at Friar Park Studios (FPShot), Henley-on-Thames, South Oxfordshire, England, UK

Producer(s): Otis Wilbury and Nelson Wilbury

Tier: Enjoyable

Key Track(s): “Handle With Care,” “Congratulations,” “Tweeter and the Monkey Man”

Review:

The Traveling Wilburys are that rare thing: a supergroup that was actually pretty super. The group, consisting of ex-Beatle George Harrison, Tom Petty, ex-Electric Light Orchestra frontman Jeff Lynne, Roy Orbison, and Bob Dylan, builds on the aesthetic Lynne concocted for George Harrison’s “comeback” album Cloud Nine. As such, this album is dominated by Harrison. Dylan contributes three numbers, the lackluster “Dirty World,” the relentlessly catchy “Congratulations,” and the album’s “epic,” “Tweeter and the Monkey Man.” Dylan had not sounded this good in years. His interest in the project, thanks in large part to the friendly camaraderie and competition of his fellow Wilburys, would carry over onto his best album of the decade, Oh Mercy.


Oh Mercy

Oh Mercy (1989)


Release Notes:

Recorded: New Orleans, LA, Spring 1989

Producer: Daniel Lanois

Tier: Enjoyable

Key Tracks: “Everything is Broken,” “Most of the Time,” “Shooting Star”

Review:

Featuring some of his best recorded performances in years, Oh Mercy was wrongfully made out to be a masterpiece by critics when it was released in 1989, landing at #44 in Rolling Stone‘s “100 Best Albums of the 1980s” list. The term “comeback” accurately describes the album. One must keep in mind that from about the time Desire was released in early 1976 until the release of this album, Dylan had set the bar so low that, of course, Oh Mercy was going to appear way better than it actually is. Nonetheless, it features some of his best songs in years, including “Everything is Broken” and “Most of the Time,” and a few others worthy of notice (like the forced-anthemic “Ring Them Bells” or the closer “Shooting Star”).  One obvious reason this album works is because of producer Daniel Lanois, who creates the first “atmospheric” sound on a Dylan album since probably John Wesley Harding.  However, the album does still sound like a full-on 80s production (well, it was) at times. Typical of his output during the 1980s, Dylan left two notable tracks off the final lineup: “Series of Dreams” and “Dignity.”  Also worth noting is Dylan’s new, more mature, middle-aged approach to songwriting, which he discusses at length, albeit quite ambiguously, in his book Chronicles, Volume One.  Oh Mercy is, to a certain extent, the blueprint for most of the albums that have followed this one, including the superior follow-ups Time out of Mind and “Love and Theft”. Based on the songs on this album, it would appear that he ripped off Curtis Mayfield‘s F# style of guitar-playing and songwriting, because more than half of the songs resemble his group The Impressions‘ “People Get Ready.”  Whatever the case may be, Oh Mercy, despite its inconsistency, was a refreshing break after a decade and a half of mediocre to downright dreadful music.


The Bootleg Series Volumes 1-3: (Rare & Unreleased) 1961-1991

The Bootleg Series Volumes 1-3: (Rare & Unreleased) 1961-1991 (1991)


Release Notes:

Recorded: various locations, November 1961 to March 1989

Producer(s): Jeff Rosen

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Ye Shall Be Changed,” “Every Grain of Sand,” “You Changed My Life,” “Foot of Pride,” “Blind Willie McTell”

Review:


Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits Volume 3

Bob Dylan’s Greatest Hits Volume 3 (1994)


Release Notes: also available on Greatest Hits Volumes I-III

Recorded: New Orleans, LA, Spring 1989 (new material only)

Producer(s): Daniel Lanois

Tier: Enjoyable

Key Track(s): “Dignity”

Review:

This serviceable third entry in Bob Dylan’s Greatest Hits series roughly covers the years from Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid to Under the Red Sky. Though not clearly the best stretch of his career, there are essential cuts here like “Tangled Up in Blue,” “Hurricane,” “The Groom’s Still Waiting at the Altar,” and “Knockin’ on Heaven’s Door.” This set also features the previously unreleased track “Dignity,” one of his better songs from the era, culled from the Oh Mercy sessions.


Most of the Time

Most of the Time (1990) [Single]


Release Notes: Promotional-only release; contains the LP version and a radio edit of the song from Oh Mercy, plus a previously unreleased live-in-the-studio version recorded during the Under the Red Sky sessions

Recorded: Record Plant, Hollywood, CA, March 16, 1990 (new material only)

Producer(s): Daniel Lanois (tracks 1, 3), Don Was (track 2)

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Most of the Time (live)”

Review:


Under the Red Sky

Under the Red Sky (1990)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Spring 1990

Producer(s): Don Was, David Was, and Jack Frost

Tier: For completists only

Key Tracks: “Born in Time,” “God Knows”

Review:

After the unexpected triumph of Oh Mercy, Bob Dylan’s loyal cadre of fans felt he was primed for greater things to come. Its follow-up, Under the Red Sky, unfortunately, underwhelmed his listeners when it was released in 1990. The primary criticisms of the album are aimed at its lyrics and its production. The album is dedicated to “Gabby Gabby Goo,” his then four year-old daughter (Desiree Gabrielle Dylan-Dennis, born in 1986). As a result, tracks like the oft-derided “Wiggle Wiggle,” the Hansel & Gretel-esque narrative of “Under the Red Sky,” and “Handy Dandy” have generally been regarded as among Dylan’s weakest compositions. Similarly, the production of Don and David Was (and, apparently, a disinterested “Jack Frost” [Dylan’s nom de plume], who was then preoccupied by touring and his work with The Traveling Wilburys) completely rids the material of the atmospheric aesthetic found on Oh Mercy. To be fair, the production is nowhere near as dated as his 1980s material. However, like those albums, it seems that Dylan left many better takes in the vaults. Bootlegs from the era suggest as much (including a substantially better version of “TV Talkin’ Song”). To further prove how ineffective some of this material was, the better cuts on the record include “Born in Time” and “God Knows,” which were were new recordings of songs originally recorded for the Oh Mercy sessions. One other curious thing about the album is that it includes a litany of guest stars, including largely unrecognizable contributions by David Crosby, George Harrison, Stevie Ray Vaughan, and Slash, among others. Though Under the Red Sky represents a step back for Dylan, it is not nearly as bad as some critics have made it out to be.


Traveling Wilburys, Vol. 3

Traveling WilburysTraveling Wilburys, Vol. 3 (1990)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Wilbury Mountain Studio, Los Angeles, CA; FPSHOT, Oxfordshire, UK; April–May and July 1990

Producer(s):  Spike Wilbury, Clayton Wilbury

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


Good As I Been to You

Good as I Been to You (1992)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Dylan’s garage studio at his home, Malibu, CA, summer 1992.

Producer(s): Debbie Gold

Tier: Enjoyable

Key Track(s): “Hard Times”

Review:

Oh Mercy was a fluke, or so it seemed from the disappointing follow-up Under the Red Sky that reverted to the sort of bad ideas that populated Down in the Groove.  Dylan was still in a slump.  Biographer Howard Sounes has cited Dylan’s erratic behavior around this time as symptomatic of being an alcoholic (hard to doubt with just a quick glance at the cover photo on Good as I Been to You).  But in the summer of 1992, as commercial rock was being transformed by the alternative rock and grunge movements thrusting the underground to the forefront of the mainstream, Dylan went into his home studio and recorded a batch of old folk songs, just himself with his acoustic guitar.  This was a return to the pure, traditional folk of his self-titled debut.  But this also marked the first Dylan album (aside from Dylan) devoid of his own songwriting.  There are contingents of fans who immediately reject any album without Dylan compositions and without any rock influences.  Yet this album has always received a small but favorable reception.  These songs, broken-in by decades of familiarity (at least the opener can be traced to Harry Smith‘s iconic Anthology of American Folk Music), are generally as good as any of Dylan’s own songwriting.  There is a genuine enthusiasm in Dylan’s performances, under his now ravaged vocals — many cite his constant touring since 1989 as coarsening the emanations of his vocal cords.  If not an overly impressive or ambitious album, Good as I Been to You is still a pleasant one that draws strength from its connections to the past.  In an important sense this album succeeded in rekindling Dylan’s faltering career, and started, in small ways, to set the stage for the critical and commercial triumphs lying just a few years in the future by ditching all the bad ideas and creating a space for good ideas to grow.


Natural Born Killers: A Soundtrack for an Oliver Stone Film

Various Artists – Natural Born Killers: A Soundtrack for an Oliver Stone Film (1994)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Summer 1992

Producer: Debbie Gold

Tier: Enjoyable

Key Track: “You Belong to Me”

Review:

“You Belong to Me” was culled from the sessions that generated the acoustic album Good As I Been to You. It really is a great performance of the Jo Stafford hit from 1952. It was left off the album because it wasn’t a traditional folk song like the others that were included on the CD. The song also works well on the soundtrack to Oliver Stone‘s controversial 1994 film Natural Born Killers. As such, the song does include some dialogue from the movie as it fades out, meaning that an unadulterated version of the track as of yet does not exist. The soundtrack to the movie was supervised by Trent Reznor and is one of the better and more cohesive soundtracks of the 1990s.


Bob Dylan: The 30th Anniversary Concert Celebration

Various Artists – Bob Dylan: The 30th Anniversary Concert Celebration (1993)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Madison Square Garden, New York, NY, October 16, 1992

Producer(s): Jeff Kramer, Jeff Rosen, Don DeVito

Tier: For completists only

Key Track(s):

Review:

A huge star-studded concert event that was filmed and also released (in edited form) on this album.  The basic format of the show was to have a “house” band, led by G.E. Smith (then the leader of The Saturday Night Live Band) and featuring members of Booker T. & The MG’s, joined by a celebrity guest musician performing one of Dylan’s songs.  The house band stayed on stage as the guests changed places.  Dylan himself appears at the end.  While not entirely terrible, there is a blandness in many of the performances.  One of the most significant events at the concert (which appears in the filmed version) is completely excised from this album.  Sinéad O’Connor came to the stage, following an introduction in which Kris Kristofferson called her “synonymous with courage and integrity,” and was booed by the audience (so much for Dylan’s fans being a bunch of hippies and progressives, right?).  Two weeks earlier O’Connor — who hailed from the deeply Catholic nation of Ireland — made a controversial appearance on the TV Show “Saturday Night Live” in which she tore up a photo of Pope John Paul II on camera (the incident was removed from rebroadcasts of the live SNL episode).  Unable to perform because of the boos, O’Connor skipped the intended Dylan song and instead performed a defiant and impromptu a cappella version of Bob Marley‘s “War” before leaving the stage.  Most of the other performances aren’t nearly so interesting!  Many of the guest musicians seem too enthralled with the event and the opportunity to play with the (aging) members of Booker T. & The MG’s.  Relatively speaking, many of the better performances are by artists who had already regularly performed or recorded the Dylan song on which they are featured in the concert.


World Gone Wrong

World Gone Wrong (1993)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Dylan’s garage studio at his home, Malibu, CA, May 1993

Producer: Bob Dylan

Tier: Enjoyable

Key Track(s): “Delia”

Review:


Till the Night Is Gone: A Tribute to Doc Pomus

Various Artists – Till the Night Is Gone: A Tribute to Doc Pomus (1995)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Ardent Studios, Memphis, TN, May 9-11, 1994.

Producer(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Boogie Woogie Country Girl”

Review:


Woodstock 94

Various Artists – Woodstock 94 (1994)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Woodstock 94, Woodstock, NY, August 14, 1994 (other artists’ contributions recorded August 12 and 13, 1994).

Producer(s): Larry Hamby

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Highway 61”

Review:


MTV Unplugged

MTV Unplugged (1995)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Sony Music Studios, New York, NY, November 17 and 18, 1994

Producer(s): Jeff Rosen

Tier: For completists only

Key Track(s): “Dignity,” “John Brown”

Review:

By now, listeners should be somewhat wary of Dylan’s live albums, which rarely deliver what they promise — at least his “official” live albums released up through the early 1990s.  For the popular “MTV Unplugged” series, Dylan obliged his audience (and hopefully a whole new audience of alternative rock fans looking for insight into the roots of contemporary rock) with a collection of well-worn favorites.  The performances are tepid, and Dylan mostly sleepwalks through them.  It’s adequate.  No surprises.  But in terms his larger career, this album marked a seismic shift for the usually bratty star who was now willing to take some advice to heart, in order to help keep his bank account full.  Crass though it seems, it meant Dylan was perhaps ready to start listening to a producer who just might save him from sabotaging his own albums.


The Concert for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame

Various Artists – The Concert for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (1996)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Cleveland, OH, September 2, 1995.

Producer(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s): “All Along the Watchtower”

Review:


Live '96

Live ’96 (1997) [EP]


Release Notes: promotional only

Recorded: House of Blues, Atlanta, GA, August 3 and 4, 1996.

Producer(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


The Songs of Jimmie Rodgers: A Tribute

Various Artists – The Songs of Jimmie Rodgers: A Tribute (1997)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Ardent Studios, Memphis, TN, May 9-11, 1994, overdubs Criteria Recording Studios, Miami, FL, January 1997 (Dylan material only)

Producer(s): Christy Epstein, Debbie Sweeney, Diane Lapson, Julia Kim, Vickie Mathis, Jeff Kramer, Jeff Rosen

Tier: For completists only

Key Track(s): “My Blue Eyed Jane”

Review:

Dylan started a record label imprint Egyptian Records (distributed by Columbia Records), whose first release was this tribute to Jimmie Rodgers, the “singing brakeman”.  The Egyptian label appears to have ceased to exist after just that one release.  Dylan contributed one song and liner notes himself.  His song was recorded at the same session as a song that earlier showed up on a Doc Pomus tribute.  The material here, from Dylan or otherwise, is all decent, but this is a mere curiosity for most Dylan fans, save those with a particular interest in Rodgers.



My Heart’s in the Highlands: The Comeback


Time Out of Mind

Time Out of Mind (1997)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Criteria Recording Studios, Miami, FL, 1996-1997.

Producer(s): Daniel Lanois

Tier: Highly recommended

Key Track(s): “Love Sick,” “Cold Irons Bound,” “Make You Feel My Love,” “Not Dark Yet,” “Highlands”

Review:

Time Out of Mind is the “comeback” album Oh Mercy was supposed to be. It was his first album to place in Billboard’s Top Ten since 1979’s Slow Train Coming. More importantly, it featured a revitalized Dylan. Ultimately, Time Out of Mind may be the first great rock album by rock star in his late 50s that honestly grapples with aging and mortality. It is as world-weary an album as you are likely to hear. Helping realize this recording is producer Daniel Lanois, who turns out some of his best work yet. He transforms Dylan’s time-ravaged voice — which should have been a liability by this point — into a powerful instrument.  At times, Dylan sounds like a dying man, at others a man in the throes of love, and at his most perverse, like a conniving devil.  Dylan’s backing band is solid, and they pull off the impossible — they make Dylan actually sound sexy.  Dylan’s turn to the blues makes sense and it provides the perfect musical backdrop for this set of songs, which is alternately fixated on fifties broken-heartedness (“Love Sick,” “Million Miles,” “Make You Feel My Love”), mortality (“Not Dark Yet”), and the loss of youth (“Highlands”). “Love Sick” is a jaded, wicked-sounding blues undermined by a well-recorded church organ.  “Tryin’ to Get to Heaven” is the first song on the album that really delves into Dylan’s fears about aging.  “Million Miles” and “‘Til I Fell in Love With You” smolder.  “Not Dark Yet” is, on the surface, the most ominous track on the album, easily the most maudlin, the one that can appear tedious on initial listen, but possesses quite a quantity of power.  “Cold Irons Bound” is the boogie-woogie track of the album, featuring Dylan channeling his inner blues circuit veteran.  The most unusual song on the album is “Make You Feel My Love,” Dylan’s best straight-forward love song since “I Want You.” It is also the song that, commercially, returned Dylan to his glory days when popular artists were more than willing to cover his material, as several artists, including country superstar Garth Brooks, covered it. The album closes with the epic seventeen minute closer “Highlands.”  On it, Dylan spins a surrealistic narrative about an older man wandering through a world of unfamiliar youthful spirits.

Time Out of Mind was Dylan’s first album of newly composed material since 1990’s underwhelming Under the Red Sky. It is important in his discography because it reveals a professionalism absent from his recordings for many years. It is also the culmination of his newer approach to songwriting and arranging which began with 1989’s Oh Mercy, an approach that, up to this point, he hadn’t really perfected. For the next ten years, Dylan albums began to become highly anticipated upon release, and not just by baby-boomers.


Love Sick: Live Version (CD 1)

Love Sick: Live Version (CD 1) (1998) [Single]

Release Notes: some material also appears on Million Miles: Live Recordings 1997-1999

Recorded: Aug. 1997; El Rey Theatre, Los Angeles, CA, Dec. 1997; 40th Annual Grammy Awards, Radio City Music Hall, New York, NY, Feb. 25, 1998

Producer(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


Million Miles: Live Recordings 1997-1999

Million Miles: Live Recordings 1997-1999 (1999) [Single]

Release Notes: some material also appears on Love Sick: Live Version (CD 1)

Recorded: Los Angeles, Dec. 16, 1997; El Rey Theatre, Los Angeles, CA, Dec. 20, 1997; 40th Annual Grammy Awards, Radio City Music Hall, New York, NY, Feb. 25, 1998; Broome County Arena, Binghamton, NY, Feb. 19, 1999

Producer(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


Things Have Changed

Things Have Changed (2000) [Single]


Release Notes: taken from Wonder Boys (Music from the Motion Picture)

Recorded: May or July 1999

Producer(s): Bob Dylan

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


Kindred Spirits: A Tribute to the Songs of Johnny Cash

Various Artists – Kindred Spirits: A Tribute to the Songs of Johnny Cash (2002)


Release Notes:

Recorded: 1999

Producer(s): Jeb Brian, Thom Cadley, Bruce Springsteen, Marty Stuart

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Train of Love”

Review:


Hank Williams: Timeless

Various Artists – Hank Williams: Timeless (2001)


Release Notes:

Recorded: New York, NY, 2000.

Producer(s):

Tier: Enjoyable

Key Track(s): “I Can’t Get You Off of My Mind”

Review:

Tribute albums can be dreadfully tiresome.  At their worst, they feature crass selections of has-beens and over-hyped newcomers peddling listless versions of classic songs.  Well, fortunately, not so here.  This tribute to country music legend Hank Williams manages to be fairly consistent throughout.  It may not be mind-blowing, but there are some worthy reinterpretations of Williams songs.  Luckily no one tries to imitate Williams in any way.  Dylan’s sole cut is pretty representative of the quality across the whole album.  His band employs an accordion, which he would use again in later recordings.  This one may not be essential, but it’s still enjoyable.


"Love and Theft"

“Love and Theft” (2001)


Release Notes:

Recorded: May 2001

Producer(s): Jack Frost

Tier: Highly recommended

Key Track(s): “Mississippi,” “Lonesome Day Blues,” “Po’ Boy”

Review:

Dylan’s follow-up to the surprise success of Time Out of Mind hit record store shelves on September 11, 2001.  Though the timing was unfortunate and merely coincidental, the only real similarity the album shared with the tragic day on which it was released is its surrealism.  Dylan had largely abandoned the disorienting lyrics of his high period following the release of John Wesley Harding.  On “Love and Theft”, Dylan’s musical appropriation of the mysterious worlds of pre-recorded American folk (hence the title, which alludes to Eric Lott‘s excellent academic study of the same name about the complicated cultural exchange involved in America’s long-standing fascination with minstrelsy) is suitably matched in many of the album’s songs with his most zany lyrics in decades.  The opener, “Tweedle Dee & Tweedle Dum,” is quite surreal, alluding to Lewis Carroll‘s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland.  Dylan’s backing band rocks even harder and with more determination, as they are now a fully-formed blues whirligig.  “Po’ Boy” is the song that shows Dylan having the most fun with words he’s had since “Stuck Inside of Mobile with the Memphis Blues Again.” The album is not entirely like this, however.  The second track, “Mississippi,” a left-over from the sessions for Time Out of Mind, is probably his best song of the last twenty-five years.  Possessing a circular riff reminiscent of “Like a Rolling Stone,” the music is as murky as the Mississippi River, the song’s lyrics a seeming cautionary tale about over-staying one’s welcome. Similarly, tracks like “Lonesome Day Blues” and “Honest With Me” rock harder than anything he’d done in eons.  The album, however, is a bit too long, burdened by an at-times unhealthy nostalgia (see “Bye and Bye” and “High Water”), and its closer, “Sugar Baby” is a plodding downer of a song that really halts the album’s momentum. Though not as strong as Time Out of Mind overall, this album marks the first time since Blood on the Tracks and Desire that Dylan was able to harness the momentum to create two consecutive great albums.


Gotta Serve Somebody: The Gospel Songs of Bob Dylan

Various Artists – Gotta Serve Somebody: The Gospel Songs of Bob Dylan (2003)


Release Notes:

Recorded:  Dylan’s home studio, Malibu, CA, March 4, 2002 (Dylan material only)

Producer(s): Joel Moss

Tier: For completists only

Key Track(s): “Gonna Change My Way of Thinking”

Review:

A tribute album made up of gospel acts performing some of Dylan’s gospel songs.  Most of the performances are serviceable, but hardly anything remarkable.  The best offering is a track with Dylan and the legendary Mavis Staples that closes the album.


Masked and Anonymous: Music From the Motion Picture

Various Artists – Masked and Anonymous: Music From the Motion Picture (2003)


Release Notes: a version is available with a bonus disc of old Dylan recordings

Recorded: Stage 6, Ray-Art Studios, Canoga Park, CA, July 18, 2002

Producer(s):

Tier: For completists only

Key Track(s): “Down in the Flood (New Version)”

Review:

A soundtrack to the film Masked and Anonymous starring Dylan and a host of others.  Like Renaldo & Clara, the film was panned by critics on release.  The soundtrack features a selection of some — but not all — of Dylan’s performances used in the film, plus a number of cover versions of Dylan’s songs performed by others.  Many of the cover versions are old, and are available elsewhere.  The cover versions range from the good (The Grateful Dead‘s “It’s All Over Now, Baby Blue”) to some profoundly bad foreign-language renditions and a terrible hip-hop version of “Like a Rolling Stone.”  While the few recordings by Dylan included here are good, particularly a rocking new version of the Basement Tapes composition “Down in the Flood,” much of the other material is so bad that this can’t be recommended.  The dedicated few will probably enjoy the handful of Dylan’s own recordings though.


Modern Times

Modern Times (2006)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Clinton Studios, New York, NY, February 2006

Producer(s): Jack Frost

Tier: For completists only

Key Track(s): “Spirit on the Water”

Review:

Here Dylan plows ahead in the same style as his last two albums, but the results are at best hit-or-miss.  This was, however, Dylan’s first album since 1976’s Desire to hit the top of the U.S. charts — perhaps a commentary on how “the charts” rarely reflect quality directly but are more of a belated response to previous efforts as well as being highly influenced by advertising (a marketing blitz supported this album, including TV commercials).  This one is just a little underwhelming.  The songwriting can be a little clunky even if well intentioned, as on “Workingman’s Blues #2.” The songwriting does occasionally hold some potential but Dylan’s performances unfortunately don’t fully take advantage of it.  Listening to this one is more of a chore than it needs to be.


The Bootleg Series, Vol. 8: Tell Tale Signs: Rare and Unreleased 1989–2006

The Bootleg Series Vol. 8: Tell Tale Signs – Rare and Unreleased 1989-2006 (2008)


Release Notes:

Recorded: 1989-2006

Producer(s): Bob Dylan, Daniel Lanois

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Mississippi (Unreleased Version #2)”

Review:


Together Through Life

Together Through Life (2009)


Release Notes:

Recorded: December 2008

Producer(s): Jack Frost (plus Eddie Gorodetsky for Theme Time Radio Hour bonus CD on some issues)

Tier: Enjoyable

Key Track(s): “If You Ever Go to Houston”

Review:

Here’s the first real stylistic break in continuity Dylan offered in his recordings since Time Out of Mind produced by Daniel Lanois more than a decade earlier.  There are similarities, of course.  This still works with simple blues forms, but Dylan is also leaning on the melodramatic airs of Tin Pan Alley (popular American song of the late 19th Century and early 20th Century) — hinting at the traditional pop standards he would fully commit to within a decade.  An accordion is featured prominently.  Maybe most interesting is how smooth this recording is, with a very crisp and woody sound that makes it seem almost like the musicians are performing live right in front of you.  This one may seem like a throwaway, but it does have an easygoing charm.  Yet this isn’t unequivocally recommended because although it’s rather listenable it isn’t always memorable.  If people often say that any effort you put into listening to Dylan’s music is repaid many times over, then this album turns that around because it makes for probably the easiest listening in his whole catalog but intense scrutiny probably won’t pay off as much.  Lots of the material was co-written with Robert Hunter, the frequent lyricist for The Grateful Dead.


The People Speak

Various Artists – The People Speak (2009)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Malibu Performing Arts Center, Malibu, CA, 2009

Producer(s): David Baerwald, Tony Berg

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Do Re Mi”

Review:


Christmas in the Heart

Christmas in the Heart (2009)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Santa Monica, CA, 2009

Producer(s): Jack Frost

Tier: For completists only

Key Track(s):

Review:


The Lost Notebooks of Hank Williams

Various Artists – The Lost Notebooks of Hank Williams (2011)


Release Notes:

Recorded: unknown

Producer(s): Jack Frost, Mary Martin, Keith Stegall, Lou Bradley

Tier: For completists only

Key Track(s): “The Love That Faded”

Review:

Rather lame set of recordings of unpublished lyrics from notebooks left behind after Hank Williams‘ death (akin to the Mermaid Avenue albums of Woody Guthrie material).  Dylan organized the project and contributed one song. The best here is the opener from Alan Jackson.  Fortunately, no one embarrasses himself trying to sing like Williams.  “Uninspired” rather sums this up.


Tempest

Tempest (2012)


Release Notes:

Recorded: January to March 2012, Groove Masters Studios, Santa Monica, CA

Producer(s): Bob Dylan

Tier:

Key Track(s): “Duquesne Whistle”

Review:


"Duquesne Whistle" / "Meet Me in the Morning (Alternate Take)"

“Duquesne Whistle” / “Meet Me in the Morning (Alternate Take)” (2012) [Single]


Release Notes: “Duquesne Whistle” included on Tempest; “Meet Me in the Morning (Alternate Take)” included on More Blood, More Tracks: The Bootleg Series Vol. 14

Recorded: A&R Recording Studios, New York, NY, September 19, 1974; Groove Masters Studios, Santa Monica, CA, 2012

Producer: Bob Dylan

Tier: Highly Recommended

Key Track: “Meet Me in the Morning (Alternate Take)”

Review:



September of My Years: Aging and Nostalgic Crooner


Still touring, Dylan’s later years showed a turn away from recording rock or folk music as such and toward pop standards recorded with subdued rock instrumentation or orchestral accompaniment.


Shadows of the Night

Shadows in the Night (2015)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Capitol Studios, Studio B, Los Angeles, CA, 2014

Producer(s): Jack Frost

Tier: For completists only

Key Track(s):

Review:


Fallen Angels

Fallen Angels (2016)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Capitol Studios, Los Angeles, CA, February 2015-March 2016

Producer(s): Jack Frost

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:


Triplicate

Triplicate (2017)


Release Notes:

Recorded: Capitol Studios, Los Angeles, CA

Producer(s): Jack Frost

Tier: For completists only

Key Track(s): “Braggin'”

Review:

The last in Bob Dylan’s Old American Songbook trilogy is a trilogy in itself; a three-record set as audacious as it is unnecessary. Triplicate is a clever title for this sort of thing, recalling the days before PDFs and photocopiers when carbon copies of print documents, particularly government documents, had to be signed in triplicate. These are songs whose day has long past, like the carbon copy, but somehow manage to stick around in vaults and archives. Basically, Triplicate is the closest thing Bob Dylan has ever done resembling an ambient album. Not in sound, mind you, but in execution. You can put this on in the background and hardly take notice of it — but when you do, you are like, “Hey, this ain’t bad!” Dylan’s gravelly voice is actually well-suited to these old gems, and the arrangements are pitch-perfect. However, a release like this is also quite redundant, as many other popular artists have recycled these in recent years. You’re probably not likely to put this on all that often. When it’s on, though, it goes down smooth, like aged scotch.


Rough and Rowdy Ways

Rough and Rowdy Ways (2020)


Release Notes:

Recorded:

Producer(s):

Tier:

Key Track(s):

Review:



Dylan Compilations


Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits
Bob Dylan’s Greatest Hits (1967)


Release Notes: included on Greatest Hits Volumes I-III

Review:

Although first released in 1967, when Dylan’s career was still relatively young, therefore naturally omitting everything that came later, this remains one of the better single-disc Dylan compilations available.  It has the advantage of featuring only great tracks.  This one also features some of the individual songs most likely to make people love Dylan.  This collection has stayed in print a long time and is very well known and widely available.  It also has remained the easiest place to find the non-album single “Positively 4th Street.”  Those looking for a little bit longer peek into Dylan’s career without seeking out his regular albums might opt for the three-disc Greatest Hits Volumes I-III, which includes two follow-ups to this compilation.


Bob Dylan

Biograph (1985)


Release Notes:

Review:

The 1985 box-set Biograph is generally considered to be the archetypal box set of the CD era. The set is career-spanning, featuring extensive liner notes by Bob Dylan himself as well as rock journalist and filmmaker Cameron Crowe. The revolutionary thing about this box set is that it combines Dylan’s most cherished and popular single recordings with 22 cuts that had not previously appeared on any Dylan LP, 20 of which had been previously unreleased, an unprecedented practice in the music industry up to that point for an artist of Dylan’s popularity. Presented out of chronological order, consistent with his Greatest Hits collections to date, Biograph remains fresh because of its eclectic mix of material. Because the set presents Dylan at mid-career, it cannot be considered essential. Nonetheless, it has an abundance of great material.


The Essential Bob Dylan

The Essential Bob Dylan (2000)

Release Notes:

Review:

Two-disc collection that is fairly close to the Bob Dylan’s Greatest Hits compilations.  Gives the listener some later recordings (up through the late 1990s).  A good option, but not definitive.


The Best of the Original Mono Recordings

The Best of the Original Mono Recordings (2010)


Release Notes:

Review:

The best single-disc Dylan compilation?  Probably.  This one beats Bob Dylan’s Greatest Hits by virtue of being longer.  It also includes some more of Dylan’s folk material from the 1960s.  It is basically a sampler of the nine-disc The Original Mono Recordings with the addition of “Positively 4th Street” that is not on the box set.  But keep in mind this cuts off in the late 1960s so it only addresses his early career.


Masterpieces
Masterpieces (1995)

Release Notes:

Review:

Odd compilation originally released only outside the USA, this is a combination of “greatest hits”, rarities, plus one previously unreleased track (“Mixed Up Confusion (alternate mono take)”).  For a long time, this was the only place to find certain rare B-side tracks.


Limited Edition Catalog Box Set

Limited Edition Catalog Box Set (2003)

Release Notes:

Review:


The Original Mono Recordings
The Original Mono Recordings (2010)

Release Notes:

Review:


The Complete Album Collection, Vol. 1
The Complete Album Collection Vol. One (2013)

Release Notes:

Review:



Miscellany


And the Times They Were A-Changin’ (1998)

Bob Dylan’s Greenwich Village: Sounds From the Scene in 1961 (2011)

The Roots of Bob Dylan (2009)

Theme Time Radio Hour With Your Host Bob Dylan (2008)

Bob Dylan: Artist’s Choice (2008)

The WallflowersBringing Down the Horse (1996)


Legend

essential – Dylan’s best, and unequivocally recommended to anyone

highly recommended – excellent and among Dylan’s better albums, but not unequivocally essential for those unfamiliar with Dylan

enjoyable – good records that fall somewhere in the middle but still have some wider appeal to general audiences

for completists only – casual fans and newcomers should hold off, but dedicated Dylan fans will likely get something out of it; also includes albums made up of demos, alternate takes, etc. that will be redundant for casual fans even if still enjoyable for the completist

avoid – terrible, as if this needs explanation



What’s Next?


Web Sites:

http://www.bobdylan.com – official site; includes lyrics and audio samples

https://musicbrainz.org/artist/72c536dc-7137-4477-a521-567eeb840fa8 – MusicBrainz discography

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan_discography – Wikipedia discography, with chart positions

http://www.searchingforagem.com/ – rarities web site

http://www.boblinks.com – “Bob Links” – comprehensive Dylan concert set list information, as well as recording session information

http://www.nme.com/photos/…t-songs-1427587 – “Bob Dylan: The Stories Behind 70 Of His Greatest Songs”


Books:

There are too many Dylan-related books to comprehensively catalog here–everything from childrens books based on his lyrics, to bios, etc.  To his credit, Dylan pretty liberally grants authorization for books based on his life and work.  Below is a sampling of some of the better and more widely available books.

The Cambridge Companion to Bob Dylan (Kevin Dettmar, ed.) – intended to be a textbook for college coursework on Bob Dylan.  So understand that this is college-level reading.  It features essays from a variety of contributors analyzing aspects of Dylan’s career and specific albums.  It also contains a biographical timeline.  There are some excellent essays here that touch on important topics beyond just biographical information, though not all the essays are of equal value.  There are a few errors too (like wrongly indicating that Daniel Lanois produced Under the Red Sky).  Overall, a very good introduction to Dylan.

Chronicles: Volume One (Bob Dylan) – Dylan’s memoirs, volume 1 (currently the only published volume).  Impressive prose — like his songs, much is appropriated from sources like Jack London, Marcel Proust, etc.  But don’t go into this one expecting highly accurate factual accounts.  Dylan seems more interested in highly crafted prose than creating an accurate work of non-fiction.  In the end, it’s better as portraits of various periods, esp. the Greenwich Village folk scene, than it is as biographical material.

Down the Highway: The Life of Bob Dylan (Howard Sounes) – A bio that reads like a tabloid, focusing more on lurid details of Dylan’s personal life than his music.  However, the unflattering descriptions of Dylan’s personal life can be more readable than the uncritical and unending praise of books from the Dylan hagiography club, and this did perhaps offer some new information.  Still not recommended.

Tarantula (Bob Dylan) – Dylan’s “novel”, if you want to call it that.  Written in 1966, when he was 23, it’s something of a cross between poetry and a novel, without any clear purpose or clear narrative.  It’s nonsense, but beautifully written nonsense.  Similar to John Lennon‘s Joycean/Lewis Carroll-esque books from the same period.  This one is definitely not for most readers.

Forever Young (Bob Dylan and Paul Rogers) – A childrens book based on the lyrics to Dylan’s song “Forever Young” with illustrations built around various aspects of Dylan’s life and work.  The illustrations feature “hidden” references to the life and times of Mr. Dylan, and there is a guide to those hidden items at the end of the book.  This isn’t the only childrens book based on Dylan’s lyrics, but it may be the best of them.


Film/Video:

No Direction Home: Bob Dylan – Documentary from director Martin Scorsese.  Would make a good intro to Dylan’s work and his life story.

Dont Look Back – Iconic cinema verite-style documentary by D.A. Pennebaker that follows Dylan on a 1965 British tour as he becomes a new kind of international superstar.  The film is an invaluable resource to understand how Dylan was basically a kid in uncharted waters and there were no established ground rules for the kind of media attention he received, which went far beyond treating him as an “entertainer” putting on an act/show to looking to him to be a kind of public intellectual.  Dylan frequently tried to deflect such expectations with either hostility or juvenile humor.  Though what he also did was mock or disregard the unstated assumptions of many of the journalists he encountered, because those journalists represented enforcers of a status quo social hegemony that Dylan and his music very much challenged.  And yet it is also apparent that Dylan and his entourage held aspirations to fame and fortune and needed the media to those ends.  While hardly the last word on Dylan, this film represents something basically incapable of being repeated because only Dylan could be the first of his kind — everyone who came later had to contend with the precedent set by and through him.

Eat the Document – follow-up to Dont Look Back filmed on a 1966 UK tour

Pat Garrett & Billy the KidPeckinpah Western in which Dylan has a small role.  Dylan also did the soundtrack (see above).

Rolling Thunder Revue: A Bob Dylan Story by Martin Scorsese

Renaldo & Clara – A film directed by and starring Dylan.  Poorly received, it has not been made available on DVD and has become something of an enigma and a cult curiosity for fans.

Hearts of Fire

Masked and Anonymous


Other lists, etc.:

Apariciones de Bob Dylan

Album Cover Gallery: Bob Dylan Approximately

Dylan Cover Album Quicklist and Complete albums of Bob Dylan’s Covers

List of Cover Versions of Bob Dylan Songs

Dylan Covered

The Muleheaded Bob Dylan-o-phobe’s Route Into Liking Bob Dylan

Parv’s Guide to Bob Dylan’s Albums

A Guide to Bob Dylan, From the ’60s to Now

Bob Dylan: A Beginner’s Guide

Readers’ Poll: The Best Bob Dylan Albums of All Time

List No. 82: An Introduction to the Music of Anthony Braxton

A guide by Syd Fablo and Patrick

Introduction

Anthony Braxton

Born: June 4, 1945, Chicago, IL, United States
Currently: Connecticut, United States

In discussing “Braxton’s misleadingly forbidding aesthetic[,]” The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings (Ninth ed.) comments that “Braxton’s music requires — and deserves — demystification . . . .”  Though it might be quite counter to Braxton’s artistic intents to demystify anything, consider this guide a humble attempt to offer an entryway into his catalog of recorded works, which is nothing if not staggeringly large.  He has released many dozens of albums as a leader, many on small labels. His recordings were for long periods frequently out-of-print, or available only in a form that was rather expensive.  To complicate matters, many of his albums that consistently remained in print were not necessarily his best.  Fortunately, digital downloads and streaming services, on the heels of a few physical-format reissue efforts, have made many of his recordings more widely available than ever.  For instance, the New Braxton House label has offered many of his most recent recordings plus digital downloads of some long out of print and archival material.  However, the availability of old recordings still varies depending on the record label and not everything is available digitally (yet) — and streaming/digital re-releases occasionally alter track sequencing or are abridged.  Rather than focus only on recordings currently in print, we focus on what we consider the best, most significant (to Braxton’s career), and most accessible recordings, simply noting as best we can what is in print (or what was in print at the time of writing).

Braxton’s discography can seem, at first glance, rather monolithic; the more things change, the more they stay the same.  In other words, his later recordings will almost invariably find precedent in his earlier recordings, even in his very earliest as a leader.  Yet there have been developments, mostly in the form of breakthroughs that brought certain elements into greater focus, or that introduced new and different variations on existing approaches.  The problem with Braxton’s reputation, too, is that he’s been saddled with descriptions like challenging, daunting, intimidating — you name it.  Yet his astute biographer (of sorts) Graham Lock noted on meeting Braxton for the first time, “This is not the super-cold, super-brain of media report; this is a music lover.”  As John Litweiler wrote, “His most engaging quality is his nervous vitality . . . [which] results from a romantic attitude that keeps finding new worlds to explore as well as familiar forms to revisit and refreshen.”  Braxton’s music may not be for everyone.  But there is plenty of excitement, joy, playfulness and more in his music.  And, in spite of much puzzlement, bewilderment and outright hostility on the part of some critics, his music avoids bitterness or condescension.  Yet it helps to be prepared for music that is simply different from what you’ve heard before, because Braxton is often trying to do something “new”.  Anyway, consider this litmus test:  if you’ve ever had a real conversation with someone about music, then you’re a potential Braxton fan.  If not, and you don’t see that happening, then it may be best to move on to other interests and bypass Braxton entirely.  To draw another analogy, if you don’t like books that are about the writing, but simply want a narrative where “stuff happens,” then much of Braxton’s work might not be for you.  There is nothing wrong with that, just find what you like, which may be elsewhere — though some of his tribute albums and sideman appearances may still hold interest.  As Braxton has said, “In the end, it’s really what you like listening to and being involved with.”

From the beginning of his career, Braxton took particular influence from “cool” saxophonists Warne Marsh and Paul Desmond.  But that is not to mention mystical (and even outer space) influences from Sun Ra, a little fire from John Coltrane and Albert Ayler, the unusual use of intervals and an inside/outside stylisitc ambiguity of Eric Dolphy, the compositional insights of Arnold Schönberg and Charles Ives, and the rhythm and wit of Fats Waller.  Or for that matter his expressed admiration for artists as diverse as Frankie Lymon, Captain Beefheart & His Magic Band, and Simon & Garfunkel.  Yet these points of reference really only barely stractch the surface.  He has a faculty on a whole armada of instruments, including obscure reeds from the lowest registers (contrabass clarinet and contrabass saxophone) to the highest (sopranino saxophone).  Much of his music deals with linking juxtaposition and combinatorial experiments. Braxton likes to dig into musical history (whether of humankind or simply of his own songbook) and examine bits and pieces, draw different ones together, and offer up the results for what they portend for the future.  In many ways, it is the contemplative use of the past and seemingly disparate (even incaongruous) sources in forward-looking ways that Braxton developed from his association with the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians (AACM) that separates his oeuvre from vaguely similar efforts by the likes of, say, James Carter — someone who has evoked  inspriations from the past in far more visceral and sentimentally emotive ways than the calm, cerebral, and thoughtful Braxton — or even Sun Ra — someone whose works also turned on a dime from abstraction to the traditional but was far more indebted to the swing era than the younger Braxton, who grew up after that era had passed and had more interest in modern composition originating out of Europe.  But Braxton’s compositional efforts are also focused on new methods of organizing musical information, and often less focused on what that information might be.  In that respect, the most similar musical traveler out there was probably Karlheinz Stockhausen — Braxton having said, “the music of Karlheinz Stockhausen has helped me on many different levels.”  More generally, Braxton has tended to utilize composition as a way to mark the evolution of his music and to avoid getting stuck running out of ideas and repeating himself in concert.

For Braxton, there are three types of musicians, none of which are meant to be a value judgment: restructuralists (who come up with new ways of thinking), stylists (who expand upon the restructuralists’ new ways of thinking), and traditionalists (who operate within a defined space).  An example of a restructuralist is Charlie Parker, while a stylist would be someone who expands upon the basic coordinates mapped out by Parker like almost any hard bop player of the 1950s, and a traditionalist would be someone who recreates the past work of Parker while staying within the existing boundaries (who might alternatively be called a neoclassicist).  Braxton considers himself a restructuralist, though he makes efforts to record music “in the tradition” regularly — Anthony Braxton´s Charlie Parker Project 1993 being an example.

In various interviews, he has described himself as having a foot in American jazz and another foot in trans-European and trans-Asian musics, but pursuing a composite and trans-idiomatic universalism not confined to any particular tradition.  So his music tends to emphasize “and” more than “or”, as in being about this and that, in an inclusionary way, rather than this or that, in an exclusionary way.  The way he bristled at being restricted to a particular role as a “jazz musician”, a role put forth as part of politics he calls the “Southern Strategy” or “antebellumist” (that also installed neoclassicists like Wynton Marsalis in the 1980s and purged others; he blames this on liberal identity politics), fits with what Lacanian psychoanalysis calls the discourse of the hysteric.  That is, just as feminists question their assigned identity in a social structure premised on patriarchal relations, he questions the social identity and position conjured up and assigned to him.  In his specific historical context, Braxton was someone who questioned bureaucratic “expert” rule/apologetics (“university discourse” in psychoanalysis) and the concealed ideological foundations and social ties of the hegemonic sociopolitical structures of late capitalism as manifested through music. This is perhaps one way to contextualize what it means for him to be a “restructuralist”, and why he uses esoteric terminology outside the norm — though certainly not the only way to try to understand such things.

Over his long career, Braxton has written and spoken extensively about his methods, influences, and objectives.  So much so that his commentary is potentially overwhelming for newcomers.  We have tried to distill a few selected comments here.  The other facet of Braxton’s writings is that it tends to share with autodidacts a penchant for esoteric and almost mystical characterizations that requires exploring them deeply enough to reach a kind of “critical mass” where the internal coherence starts to make sense.  Newcomers jumping in for the first time trying make sense of it all may want to keep that in mind and reserve judgement or at least hold skepticism and trepidation in check until hitting that critical mass.  But that does not have to matter.  It is possible (and recommended!) to just listen first and foremost, without feeling obligated to “get” the underlying theory.

A legend is provided below explaining some of the information we have listed for each entry on this list.  Each entry includes some release information, with recording date(s), and a “key track” — meant to give you a taste or focal point for each album (especially useful for those who want to buy downloads or stream the music).  Selections are organized chronologically by recording date.  We have made an attempt to divide Braxton’s career into different periods, but those are somewhat arbitrary on our part.  There is good material from all periods.  We have also provided a listing for a few additional resources that you might want to investigate if you have an interest, like Graham Lock‘s excellent Forces in Motion book.  As a final note, though Braxton’s compositions are identified by a composition number, most have a title that is graphical in nature (the image at the beginning of this guide is our own approximation of one).  Braxton has explained, “I say the listener should look at the titles and enjoy them or not enjoy them, but I don’t think you need to understand them in order to listen to the music.”  At least for the time being, we have not reproduced Braxton’s graphical titles, but most can be seen here.



The Early Years; AACM; Parisian Expat; Breaking Out: 1967-73

Braxton volunteered for the U.S. Army and played in military bands.  He then returned to his native Chicago, and was an early member of the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians (AACM).  He studied music academically before and after his time in the army, though never completed a formal degree.  He relocated to Paris, but then returned to the United States and lived in New York in Ornette Coleman‘s basement, making money as a chess hustler (and occasional pool hustler).  He then took up music again and returned to Paris.


For Alto

For Alto (1970)


Release Notes:

Recorded: 1969, Parkway Community Center, Chicago, IL

Category: Solo

Difficulty Rating: Medium

Key Track(s): “To pianist Cecil Taylor”

Review:
A free jazz masterpiece. But here’s the thing, no one in the music ever set out to make “free jazz” — it’s a common misconception about so-called “free” jazz that the performers of said music simply throw out the rules of jazz and make a lot of noise. What’s free about the music of Ornette Coleman and Cecil Taylor and those who have followed them is that each performer has created their own set of rules to work with, not that they’ve completely thrown out all sense of structure and form. Which of course means that the listener has to work harder — to listen closer than normal and figure things out, then to readjust again to different performers with their own approaches, or listen hard again even when a performer (like Braxton) chooses to change his/her own methods. And this release — Braxton’s third under his own name — is his calling card, cataloging several approaches and strategies he uses in the creation of his music just as Ornette Coleman’s pre-Atlantic albums merely lay the groundwork for his real arrival with The Shape of Jazz to Come. So if Braxton’s earlier records announce him as a member of the AACM, working within the broader ideas essayed by the organization, this one’s pure Anthony Braxton — there’s no more naked way in music than solo performance to open yourself up — and what Braxton has laid down showcases a performer of staggering diversity. It’s not always easy — the tributes to John Cage and Leroy Jenkins in particular can be trying for many ears not attuned to this sort of things — but there are pieces, especially his tribute to Ann and Peter Allen, which are remarkably delicate, introspective, even lovely. There are other solo albums in his extensive catalog that are perhaps easier to digest — a double album of solo alto saxophone is a bit of an undertaking, even for those predisposed to enjoying it, and one might seek out an album of equal quality like Alto Saxophone Improvisations 1979 — but as an introduction to Braxton and his ideas, this is a perfect summary.


Paris-Concert

CircleParis-Concert (1971)


Release Notes: available on CD and digitally

Recorded: February 21, 1971, Maison de l’O.R.T.F., Paris, France

Category: Small Group, Sideman

Difficulty Rating: Medium

Key Track(s): “Nefertitti” (sic)

Review:
Braxton moved to Paris at the end of the 1960s, along with many other jazz players.  While some artists found success there, like Art Ensemble of Chicago, Braxton’s group Creative Construction Company did not.  So he returned to the United States and lived in New York.  He gave up music for a time.  But then a reunion show with Creative Construction Company, featuring guests Muhal Richard Abrams, Richard Davis and Steve McCall, brought him out of his temporary retirement.  That reunion show brought Braxton into contact with Chick Corea.  On the heels of Corea’s 1971 A.R.C. album and trio with Dave Holland and Barry Altschul (and no matter how this is billed feels at this reserve like an instrumental piece of development in Corea’s work, moreso than the development of the other participants) Braxton was invited to join the group formally before it was named after sitting in with the trio. Braxton’s catalog to this point had consisted mostly of works in a very abstract realm, often owing to the tactics of the AACM, and this is one of the earliest pieces of him working in a more identifiably “jazzy” realm, tackling a group of originals (including one of Braxton’s own), a standard (“No Greater Love”), and an interesting recent composition by Wayne Shorter (“Nefertitti” (sic)) that was also part of A.R.C.’s repertoire. And as with the trio, however collaborative the process of the music-making may have been, Corea is the leader here — he makes all the announcements on mike, wrote the liner notes and (though I haven’t measured it strictly) seems to be allotted the most solo space. But Braxton crashes the party, barnstorms the proceedings on “Nefertiti,” deconstructing the work with the fervor he’d bring to his later approaches to standards, while his own “73º Kelvin (Variation – 3)” is for me the most interesting original here, showcasing for the first time on a widely available record the lengthy lines learned from one of his great influences — Lennie Tristano — that later would become one of his signature approaches to composing melodies. For three long pieces plus a series of solos and duets, the group works over their material in a fine example of the sort of rooted jazz with free leanings that Eric Dolphy liked to call “inside and outside at the same time.” As for Braxton? Here’s some of the earliest evidence that when he wanted to he could play it straighter, that his range could extend over not just the abstract sounds of an outsider, but could and did incorporate “the tradition” in the makeup of the music.


Dona Lee

Dona Lee (1975)


Release Notes: available digitally as Donna Lee

Recorded: February 18, 1972, Paris, France

Category: Small Group

Difficulty Rating: Easy/Medium

Key Track(s): “Dona [sic] Lee”

Review:
Circle broke up, leaving Braxton stranded (a somewhat common circumstance for touring musicians) in Los Angeles.  He eventually made his way back to Paris.  One notable development of this period was that he started to record standards. Because his own compositions can seem strange to some, standards provide something of a simplification with points of reference to latch on to.  A formative experience in the mid-1960s was a John Coltrane concert in which he nearly left when Coltrane played an “out there” solo (!), saying, “I decided this man is crazy, I want nothing to do with it. And the composition came to an end, and then this is what took me out: he played the ballad, ‘It’s So Easy to Remember and So Hard to Forget.’ And he played it straight, and it was beautiful, and it was profound, and it took me out…I found myself with this paradox: how can this guy play so beautifully when he plays this ballad, then he goes back to this other music and it’s all sound again? There must be something happening that I don’t know about!” Just like that epiphany, the track selection and sequencing here provides a potential link from the “straight” material to the more “out there” compositions and solos.  This is still building toward the triumphs of the following years.  Nonetheless, this is a fine album, with the standards showing an affinity — and faculty — for be-bop, with a little more modern spin on it of course.  The new compositions are certainly more challenging, providing an abrupt but still comfortable contrast.  Most significantly, this transitional album marks a growing maturity in Braxton’s recordings, as well as in his own performance style.  He had softened his attack somewhat as he expanded his palette.  Things would only get better from here.  But this album is concrete (and early) proof his recordings can be downright approachable at times.  There are other worthy recordings from roughly this same time period, even arguably better ones.  But Dona Lee nicely highlights Braxton’s growing post-Circle tendency to juxtapose standards with new music as a significant feature of his musical endeavors.


album cover of "Conference of the Birds"

David Holland QuartetConference of the Birds (1973)


Release Notes: available on CD, vinyl and digitally

Recorded: November 30, 1972, Allegro Studio, New York, NY

Category: Small Group, Sideman

Difficulty Rating: Easy

Key Track(s): “Four Winds”

Review:
It is fairly common for jazz musicians to serve an apprenticeship as a sideman.  Anthony Braxton never really did that, at least not as a precursor to a solo career.  Although his stint with Circle came closest, he rather infrequently played a supporting role to another bandleader — much like major influence Ornette Coleman.  Conference of the Birds is one of his relatively few appearances as a sideman.  The group is mostly Circle alumni, with Sam Rivers in place of Chick Corea.  Two of the other performers (Holland and Altschul) would go on to have roles in Braxton’s own first great quartet(s) in the coming years.  This album isn’t a showcase for Braxton by any means, but it’s still a great one.  It is widely regarded as a landmark recording, still connected to past periods of relative commercial popularity for jazz while also mapping out terrains for a more guerrilla existence on the horizon.  Skeptics might well start here before moving into Braxton’s own catalog.

The music is very much an extension of that of Circle, but moves further away from elements of classic jazz.  It is sophisticated and intellectual with an introverted bohemian flavor.  Some songs — “Four Winds,” the title track, and “See Saw” — are based on a head-and-solos format.  “Q and A” is more free-form.  Still others — “Interception” and “Now Here (Nowhere)” — seem to fall somewhere in between those poles.  Holland plays warmly in a friendly and welcoming way, with his signature hints of polite funkiness accentuating clear and crisp melodic statements.  Drummer Barry Altschul is a diffuse, understated presence, whose playing is exceptionally flexible and unobtrusive yet remains a key element tying the collective performances together.  Braxton emphasizes conventionally pretty qualities in his playing, without giving up his signature style of busy lines colored with extended technique noisiness.  Sam Rivers pairs nicely.  All together, Holland, Rivers, and Braxton play lyrically in an intimate and complementary way.  It is somewhat difficult to articulate in words what exactly makes this album so special.  But it does come across as the best of all possibilities, the sort of effort that somehow manages to avoid making trade-offs and instead deliver a lot of different things superbly.



The Arista Years; Small Groups to Large-Scale Works; Side Projects: 1974-80

Braxton was offered (and accepted) a contract with the new major label Arista Records, as its first jazz artist signing.  His visibility rose considerably worldwide, and many listeners (or “experiencers” in his terminology) only know his recordings from this period.  Musically, he began to expand and refine ideas from his early period.  He met his wife Nickie just before leaving Paris to permanently return to the United States.


Five Pieces 1975

Five Pieces 1975 (1975)


Release Notes: available on vinyl and digitally, and was on The Complete Arista Recordings of Anthony Braxton (which seems to be out of print)

Recorded: July 1-2, 1975, Generation Sound Studios, New York, NY

Category: Small Group

Difficulty Rating: Easy

Key Track(s): “Opus 23 G”

Review:
A real stunner of an album and one of Braxton’s all-time best small group records. In it, he and his group (Dave Holland and Barry Altschul from several recent works with Braxton, plus Kenny Wheeler on trumpet to round out the proceedings) navigate a lot of territory with aplomb, working in several modes with equal confidence. The record opens on a duet, Holland and Braxton doing a take on “You Stepped Out of a Dream” and it’s a lovely intro to the record, almost a way of saying to the doubters that what is to follow comes from the same folks who made this piece. On the heels of this is the spare, moody “Comp. 23 H” which deals a lot in coloration more than heavy soloing, but provides an excellent showcase for drummer Altschul nonetheless. Closing the A-side is “Comp. 23 G,” perhaps the finest thing on the album as it perfectly straddles the line between the experimentation and eccentricity of Braxton’s approaches and a more listenable and straightforward approach to same — it’s essentially a head-and-solos piece, though there’s such a long “head” line at the beginning, the soloists move away from the chords, and the rhythm is so fragmented that it doesn’t feel like the standard blowing piece. Still, after the lengthy unison line that starts it, Braxton takes a solo, building in intensity until the climax of his spot and then giving way to Wheeler’s superb work, which in turn allows the rhythm section to shine afterward (though “rhythm section” is a belittling phrase in music such as this where all four players are contributing fully and equally). The B-side opens with the lengthy, dramatic “Comp. 23 E,” a showcase for Braxton in all his glory. It moves through several sequences and he changes horns accordingly — alto sax, flute (twice), and the oddball sound of the contrabass clarinet — to fit the mood of the rest of what’s happening. Again, a slow dramatic build takes place, complete with peaks and valleys, ranging from intense to eerie, over the 17+ minutes of the piece. It’s something of a grand statement, and if there are other catchier pieces on the record there’s nothing this ambitious — in fact there’s little like it in his catalog. The record closes on “Comp. 40 M,” a relatively brief blowout over a bass vamp — another rare thing in the Braxton catalog — that’s sort of like a compact version of “Comp. 23 G,” but provides something like a crooked dance number as it goes toward the fadeout. Alongside Holland’s Conference of the Birds, this is one of the best entry points to Braxton’s music-world for the adventurous listener — accessible enough for most, yet an undiluted version of what he does.


Time Zones

Richard Teitelbaum With Anthony Braxton – Time Zones (1977)


Release Notes: available digitally on Silence / Time Zones (paired with the Braxton/Leo Smith/Leroy Jenkins album Silence)

Recorded: June 10, 1976, Creative Music Festival, Mount Tremper, NY, September 16, 1976, Bearsville Sound, Woodstock, NY

Category: Small Group, Collaboration

Difficulty Rating: Medium/Difficult

Key Track(s): Since there are only two side long tracks, either one will suffice. You’ll know within two minutes of either if this is for you.

Review:
Quick — what’s the definition of “jazz”? If your answer is “swung triplets” or any derivative of the word “swing” you can just move on to the next piece. But if that’s your criteria, you’re probably not reading this list anyway. If your answer was “conversation” or some similar idea then you ought to treat yourself to this album, tagged as difficult only because there’s not much like it out there in Braxton’s — or anyone’s — catalog that can give you something similar by which to assess it. Or is there? Throughout two long pieces, Braxton, with his usual array of reeds, duets with a remarkably sensitive Teitelbaum, whose moog synths respond to, query, provoke, and challenge Braxton constantly. There’s a remarkable give and take between the performers, and every time one of them moves into another area of sound — rhythmic, harmonic, melodic, or simply sonic — the other immediately rises to the challenge, meets him there, and moves the dialogue forward yet again. It’s beautiful, bracing, challenging, witty, and even entertaining in the right proportions. Braxton’s music hits all kinds of areas along the spectrum from more composed, fully-formed pieces over to largely improvised works, with this definitely leaning toward the latter, and a great example of such things. So is it so unique? Yes and no — if you have some familiarity with other freely improvised duets — like those of Cecil Taylor in his incredible run of Berlin concerts, or for that matter Taylor and Max Roach, Braxton and Max Roach, or Braxton and Derek Bailey — this may not be so alien. It’s new to hear it done with a moog, yes, but not something completely unknown to you in approach. But aside from Braxton’s duets with Bailey, which I feel are less successful, I can’t off the top of my head think of anything in this style of duetting that predates it. It’s great to hear Braxton, rooted in the African-American jazz tradition but with an ear toward European avant-garde classicism working alongside Teitelbaum, whose background in serial composition had only a few years before this turned his ear toward the forward-thinking jazz of Coltrane, Coleman, and Taylor. Kindred spirits, for sure.


Dortmund (Quartet) 1976

Dortmund (Quartet) 1976 (1991)


Release Notes: Available digitally; re-released under the title Quartet (Dortmund) 1976

Recorded: October 31, 1976, Jazzfestival “Jazz Life,” Dortmund, West Germany

Category: Small Group

Difficulty Rating: Medium-Easy

Key Track(s): “Composition 40B”

Review:
If you like hearing music that takes “classic” mid-century jazz and puts a different, adventurous spin on it, then you have arrived at the right period and album.  Dortmund (Quartet) 1976 tends to be a fan favorite.  It was recorded just a few days before the West Berlin concerts included on an Arista double album featured elsewhere on this guide, but was not released until the early 1990s.  Music from this period of Braxton’s career has made many listeners lifelong admirers.  The recordings speak for themself and feature one of the most lauded small combos Braxton ever led.  Trombonist George Lewis is at his very best here.  If you want still more like this, the hard-to-find At Moers Festival recorded two years prior might be of interest too.


The Montreux / Berlin Concerts

The Montreux / Berlin Concerts (1977)


Release Notes: available digitally and was on The Complete Arista Recordings of Anthony Braxton (which seems to be out of print)

Recorded: July 20, 1975, Montreux Jazz Festival, Montreux, Swiss Confederacy; November 4 and 6, 1976, Berlin Jazz Days, West Berlin, West Germany

Category: Small Group, Orchestra

Difficulty Rating: Medium

Key Track(s): “Side Four, Cut One: 29 M 36”

Review:
The Montreux/Berlin Concerts is one of many highlights from Braxton’s tenure on the Arista Records label.  It features performances from two different European festivals in 1975 and 1976.  The recordings mostly are from two similar quartets with Dave Holland (b), Barry Altschul (d), and either Kenny Wheeler (t) or George Lewis (tb), plus one side-long recording with just Braxton and Lewis performing with The Berlin New Music Group.  In many ways this is a culmination of many things Braxton was doing through the 1970s. Much like a comedian who will test out new material in various venues first and then repeat the best and most successful bits and routines for a big show or video/recording, Braxton is not so much trying out new methods here (with the exception of the orchestral track with The Berlin New Music Group) as much as delivering something with techniques he (and his bands) had already perfected.  What makes the album so special is that there are some very fine performances here.  Arguably, Braxton never led a small combo better than the ones here.  And these are stellar performances even from this impressive cast of characters.  In Braxton’s world, he deals with “musical informations”.  There is certainly a lot of information being exchanged on these sets.  Each performer is contributing — solo, spotlight time is shared fairly equally.

When Braxton was the first jazz signing to the new major label Arista, he promised to be some kind of crossover success (see the liner notes to The Complete Arista Recordings of Anthony Braxton and a November 2008 essay in The Wire magazine discussing its release).  Leading up to his tenure with Arista, he had recorded works that extended into the territory of modern composition (of the likes of John Cage and the Fluxus movement), but he also worked with more traditional jazz material.  He drifted back and forth between the twin poles of traditional jazz and avant-garde composition.  But most of the time these were shifts between isolated modes, not truly a “crossover” in the sense of a meeting and melding.  On The Montreux/Berlin Concerts he does cross the divide between traditional jazz and modern composition, achieving a synthesis of both within any given piece.  There is definitely a sense of connection to traditional jazz throughout.  Often a bouncing, free-wheeling, syncopated beat as if from an old Fats Waller tune will be unmistakable.  Yet the speed and density of it all will not permit confusion with anything from Waller’s era.  The intervals, squeaks and new performance techniques also push this well beyond just the tradition.  Again, though, this is crossover music, and so this music is not completely of the “new music” realm of modernist abstraction.  It inserts, modifies, expands, deconstructs, and borrows from the tradition at will, but never feels constrained by it.  It is the much talked-about but less frequently achieved notion of playing “inside” and “outside” at the same time.  This is an album by an artist who has found his voice and is using it to the best of his abilities.  It makes for an excellent listen.  Some listeners less interested in modern composition gravitate more to the more purely “jazzy” stuff Braxton released elsewhere.  Take your pick, but consider giving this a try because it makes an excellent gateway to all sorts of other things in Braxton’s catalog, and beyond.


Quintet (Basel) 1977

Quintet (Basel) 1977 (2001)


Release Notes: available on CD and digitally

Recorded: June 2, 1977, Safranzunft, Basel, Swiss Confederacy

Category: Small Group

Difficulty Rating: Medium-easy

Key Track(s): “Composition 69 G”

Review:
With success came new challenges.  Members of Braxton’s quartet — Holland and Altschul — were becoming so sought after that they were no longer regularly available and Braxton eventually dissolved the group.  In a kind of transitional period, he formed a short-live quintet featured here, with George Lewis (tb) from the old quartet, plus long-time AACM compatriot Muhal Richard Abrams (p) as well as Mark Helias (b) and Charles “Bobo” Shaw (d).  Shaw is more of a “fire music” player who brings a lot of pure energy to the proceedings, often giving the music a relentless, frenetic intensity not always associated with Braxton’s music.  Helias deftly acts as something of a bridge from Shaw to the rest of the players who had more history inside Braxton’s working methods.  All the performers, Braxton included, are spurred into different and exciting areas.  Earlier in the same year Braxton and Abrams had recorded Woody Shaw‘s The Iron Men, and it is possible to say this bears a few vague similarities but at the same time tilts more in the direction of free jazz, with a bit heavier dose of angularly busy soloing.  Some of the songs draw noticeably from hard bop traditions, like “Composition 69 G” and “Composition 40 B.”  There are also plenty of funny, comedic moments, swinging group statements, and loose, modern solos.  For instance, “Composition 69M” is a piece that seems more Braxtonish and AACM-like, and Abrams’s performance is perhaps his finest of the set.  “Composition 69 N” has slow, eerie, foggy qualities.  In general, everything has a tendency to shift around stylistically, without losing a sense of fluidity.  What holds a lot of this together are the compositions, and their juxtaposition.  They tend to make the relatively small combo sound bigger than itself, as part of a larger scheme.  Somewhat obliquely, this points toward Braxton’s evolving and expanding use of composition to mediate performer improvisations in new ways in the post-free era.  A selection of some of the seventeen parts of Composition 69 featured on this set would go on to see extensive use with Braxton’s second great quartet(s) over the subsequent decade-and-a-half, while “Composition 40B” was featured on the prior year’s Dortmund (Quartet) 1976, which is partly why this recording can be called transitional apart from the fleeting assemblage of personnel.  But it’s a great one unto itself, regardless of what came before or after.


Creative Orchestra (Köln) 1978

Creative Orchestra (Köln) 1978 (1995)


Release Notes: available digitally

Recorded: May 12, 1978, Großer Sendesaal WDR, Köln, West Germany

Category: Orchestra

Difficulty Rating: Easy-medium

Key Track(s): “Comp. 58”

Review:
In effect, this supplants the need for the enjoyable Creative Orchestra Music 1976, by allowing the ensemble more space for improvisation and movement, with hatArt’s usual superb sound (even in this live setting) and extended versions of four of the studio album’s cuts (the two most abstract pieces are excised here, presumably because that sort of spacious music works better in your own home than a concert hall). Essentially, these are pieces that are relatively jazz-like (and in the case of “Comp. 58,” march-like) filtered through the prism of Braxton’s compositional strategies and post-“free” playing techniques by the ensemble, linked together by completely unstructured “free” material (the “Language Improvisations” noted in the first track) making improvised segues between the pieces. Marilyn Crispell, who’d go on to make a great mark with Braxton in a few short years, sounds terrific throughout and Bob Ostertag‘s sculpted synthetic soundscapes also add an element of unsettling weirdness that still feels perfectly right within the context of Braxton’s approach to “jazz.” And when the whole ensemble closes things with the march of “Comp. 58,” which starts out Sousa-like, then slowly goes off the rails, only to draw everything back together in its stellar climax, you know you’re in the hands of a master.


One in Two, Two in One

Max Roach Featuring Anthony BraxtonOne in Two — Two in One (1980)


Release Notes: Out of Print

Recorded: August 31, 1979, Jazz Festival Willisau ’79, Willisau, Swiss Confederacy

Category: Small Group, Collaboration

Difficulty Rating: Easy-medium

Key Track(s): There are four side long tracks and one will suffice. You’ll know within two minutes of any of them if this is for you.

Review:
Max Roach was one of the pioneers of bebop.  Rather than stick to that sub-genre he went in many different directions in subsequent decades with stuff like We Insist! Max Roach’s Freedom Now Suite, forays into fusion/soul jazz, and even work with free jazz iconoclasts.  In 1978 he recorded Birth and Rebirth with Braxton.  The two then appeared at Jazz Festival Willisau the following year, with that performance released as One in Two Two in One.  Just a few months later Roach appeared in concert with Cecil Taylor, resulting in the album Historic Concerts.  Even though Roach was two decades older than Braxton, the pair had a great rapport and their mutual admiration is clear.  This set is a delight.  The two are clearly having a lot of fun and it shows.  Braxton plays a variety of reeds and Roach plays an assortment of percussive instruments like gong and bells that go beyond a standard drum kit.  The music is surprisingly engaging.  A spirit of intergenerational camraderie allows for a synthesis of different approaches without either player making compromises.  While these are free-form improvisations there are plenty of sustained statements (like identifiable melody and syncopated rhythms) and call-and-response interactions that provide a sense of continuity that makes this a good choice for anyone uncertain about this type of performance.


album cover of "Performance 9/1/79"

Performance 9/1/79 (1981)


Release Notes: Available digitally; re-released under the alternate titles Performance For Quartet 1979 and Performance (Quartet) 1979

Recorded: September 1, 1979, Jazz Festival Willisau ’79, Willisau, Swiss Confederacy

Category: Small Group

Difficulty Rating: Medium-easy

Key Track(s):

Review:
Recorded the day after the Max Roach duet featured above, at the same festival, this transitional quartet recording highlights how Braxton was pivoting from the music of the first great quartet(s) toward that of the second great quartet(s).  Presented on the LP album as nameless side-long tracks, the set list is really a medley of highlights from the Eric Dolphy-esque repertoire of the first great quartet(s) — specifically, parts of Composition Nos. 23, 40, and 69.  But this is an entirely different group of musicians, with bassist John Lindberg providing a direct link to the second great quartet lineup.  The performances here revel in virtuoso improvisation.  More than anything that is the main draw.  But what is apparent too is a growing emphasis on collage/montage aesthetics in place of those of the mid-century jazz tradition.  The band offers substantial stylistic reworkings of parts of these songs, drawing out interest through jumps and transitions that occur in a fluid manner.   Pre-composed melodies do make appearances here and there, but there are lots of collective improvisations and the rhythm section does not merely accompany the wind and brass instruments so much as it improvises right along with one or both of them, simultaneously.  In embryonic form, this is already heading in a direction Braxton would explore throughout the 1980s and into the early 1990s.  A great one that sort of caps off his mid/late 1970s small jazz combo period with a bang.


For Two Pianos

For Two Pianos (1982)


Release Notes: available digitally and was available on The Complete Arista Recordings of Anthony Braxton (out of print)

Recorded: September 13-15, 1980, Studio Ricordi, Milano, Italy

Category: Composer/Conductor Only

Difficulty Rating: Medium-difficult

Key Track(s): “Comp. 95”

Review:
Braxton was strongly influenced by a number of composers, including Karlheinz Stockhausen, Iannis Xenakis, John Cage, Arnold Schönberg, Ruth Crawford Seeger and Hildegard von Bingen.  In his time with Arista, he released multiple modern composition (or “modern classical”) albums, including the three-LP For Four Orchestras and For Two Pianos; proof — if any were needed — that Braxton’s interests and talents go well beyond jazz.  That a major label released these is hard to fathom when looking back, given the craven money-grubbing taken for granted in the industry since then that permits no such thing to even be contemplated.  For Two Pianos was especially written for Frederic Rzewski and Ursula Oppens, each playing piano as well as melodica and zither.  It is a work of ritual and ceremonial construction.  The musicians perform in costume (floor-length hooded cloaks).  The mystical, cryptic messages encoded in the music can, superficially, seem ominous, menacing even, with simple repeating figures (foreshadowing ghost trance music somewhat), but on deeper inspection the interaction of the performers is hopeful.  It may be true that not all of the man’s compositions are equally good or successful, but this is one of his better-realized recordings of this type.  Braxton has noted his many difficulties in getting his non-jazz compositions performed and recorded, something he attributes in large part to racism (though it is possible to name other factors too).



The Second Great Quartet(s); Professor Braxton: 1981-93

With his major label contract concluded, Braxton entered a period of relative poverty, when he lost his house and couldn’t pay for heat.  Then he formed a pair of renowned quartets.  Like a number of other jazz luminaries did after the 1960s, he also entered academia, first with a position at Mills College in Oakland, California, and later with a professorship at Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut (were he remained until his retirement from academia).  During the 1980s he introduced many new ideas to his music, rather than merely continuing to expand upon what he did in the 1970s.


Six Compositions (Quartet) 1984

Six Compositions (Quartet) 1984 (1985)


Release Notes: available on CD and digitally, and on The Complete Remastered Recordings On Black Saint & Soul Note

Recorded: September 10-11, 1984, Vanguard Studios, New York, NY

Category: Small Group

Difficulty Rating: Easy-medium

Key Track(s): “Composition No. 115”

Review:
Following a transitional period, Braxton formed two quartets in the 1980s and early 1990s that have garnered special reputations among admirers.  The first (featured here) included Marilyn Crispell (p), Gerry Hemingway (d), and John Lindberg (b).  After a falling out between Braxton and Lindberg, Mark Dresser took over on bass.  The trio of recordings with the latter incarnation of the great 80s quartet on a 1985 tour of England tend to receive more attention, but Six Compositions (Quartet) 1984 is a decent place to get your feet wet with Braxton’s 80s output.  Vestiges of bop stylings are more pronounced than in many later works of that decade.  Although “Composition No. 114 (+ 108A)” proves that Braxton’s methods can be totally ineffective at times, the rest of the album is good — and rather welcoming.  The musicians have a great rapport.  Pianist Marilyn Crispell deserves special attention here.


 

Quartet (London) 1985 (1988); Quartet (Birmingham) 1985 (1991); Quartet (Coventry) 1985 (1993)


Release Notes: available digitally

Recorded: November 13, 1985, Bloomsbury Theatre, London, England; November 17, 1985, Strathallen Hotel, Birmingham, England; November 26, 1985, Warwick University Arts Centre Studio, Coventry, England

Category: Small Group

Difficulty Rating: Medium/Difficult

Key Track(s): “Composition 124 (+30+96) / Composition 88 (+108C+30+96) / Piano Solo From Composition 30 / Composition 23G (+30+96) / Composition 40N” [disc 1 of the Coventry album]

Review:
A highly-regarded batch of albums recorded on a 1985 tour of England with the second great quartet — also called the forces in motion quartet, as a result of this tour being chronicled in Graham Lock‘s book Forces in Motion: The Music and Thoughts of Anthony Braxton, which makes for worthwhile reading.  The 1980s were an odd time for Braxton’s recordings, which tended to be on a smaller scale than the more elaborate “prestige” recordings on Arista the prior decade.  Yet he developed substantial new musical ideas and compositional methodologies.  Braxton had by this point clearly broken away from the sorts of things he was doing with his first great quartets with Altschul, Holland and Wheeler or Lewis in the previous decade.  These three albums are commonly regarded as the peak of his 80s output.  The Coventry concert was the final show of the tour and the group has said they made an extra effort to perform well for the benefit of the recording.

This music represents Braxton rethinking his compositional approaches and the ways that pre-notated scores could be utilized in performance.  He would continue to expand and rethink these approaches in the coming decades too.  Each musician is given a “territory” beforehand by Braxton, which serves to facilitate interaction and provide a starting point, but ultimately there is no limit on what each performer can choose to do in his or her territory.  Like composer Ruth Crawford Seeger, he was also using material that could be played simultaneously — he called it coordinate music.  This stimulates a kind of collage or montage aesthetic.  The notated scores provide passages with melodic and harmonic cohesion of the sort that requires pre-planning, though the overall feel remains very loose and open. The performers have wide latitude to improvise and performances still rely heavily on non-notated spontaneous interactions. Somewhat like Ornette Coleman‘s “harmolodics,” this type of music unfolds in large part based on what the individual performers bring forward.  Its success writ large often hinges on having a group of performers with a tacit understanding and mutual respect as well as a relatively high degree of confidence and familiarity with suitable performance techniques.  For instance, drummer Gerry Hemingway has said that he would sometimes interpret graphical notation not in terms of the most obvious parameters but instead guiding more abstract qualities like intensity.  That is the sort of thinking and contribution that made this particular quartet so special.  By the time of this tour, the band had a good rapport although this tour took place relatively early in this particular quartet’s existence.  On Braxton’s part, his characteristic style of playing sax with busy lines made up of bursts of many notes colored with squawks, buzzes, and creaks, and capped with a pause or legato phrase, was by now well established.  It is featured on these recordings in a particularly freewheeling form.


Six Monk's Compositions (1987)

Six Monk’s Compositions (1987) (1988)


Release Notes: available on CD and digitally, and on The Complete Remastered Recordings On Black Saint & Soul Note

Recorded: June 30 and July 1, 1987, Barigozzi Studio, Milano, Italy

Category: Small Group

Difficulty Rating: Easy

Key Track(s): “Brilliant Corners,” “Played Twice”

Review:
Braxton at his most approachable. He is doing his part to keep Thelonious Monk‘s achievements a part of a living musical tradition.  He strikes a pleasant balance between faithfully playing these great songs and twisting things about just a bit in his solos.  It helps that these are Monk‘s songs, where the winding melodies and jittery rhythms seem like a perfect fit for Braxton’s biting, intellectually playful style.  Monk crops up over and over as an influence upon or at least kindred spirit to so many notable free jazz artists — Cecil Taylor‘s early recordings like Looking Ahead! and At Newport being other examples. It is worth mentioning too that this shares much in common with Steve Lacy‘s Reflections: Steve Lacy Plays Thelonious MonkThis is a rather decent Braxton release, especially relative to a other recordings in an era when the quality of his output did dip on occasion, and remains among his better and more highly regarded purely “straight jazz” outings.  Though the studio production sounds of its time.  Braxton would release a number of albums devoted to another composer’s songs through his career, including ones for Lennie Tristano and Andrew Hill referenced elsewhere in this guide.  During this general period, Braxton’s group recordings (setting aside solo ones) tended to separate out music like this that is “in tradition” from that of his “restructuralist” efforts, so that any given album was likely to be just one or the other and not juxtapose elements of both.


Eight (+3) Tristano Compositions 1989: For Warne Marsh

Eight (+3) Tristano Compositions 1989: For Warne Marsh (1990)


Release Notes: available digitally in abridged form as Eight (+1) Tristano Compositions 1989 For Warne Marsh

Recorded: December 10-11, 1989, Sage & Sound Recording Studio, Hollywood, CA

Category: Small Group

Difficulty Rating: Easy

Key Track(s): “Two Not One,” “Sax of a Kind”

Review:
This Lennie Tristano tribute is a great, fun outing.  The group swings and really invigorates all these tunes.  What a ride!  The album title refers to these being eight Tristano compositions plus three that technically weren’t written by Trisanto.  The album’s subtitle is a dedication to Warne Marsh, who played sax in Tristano’s band  with a unique sense of chromaticism and phrase construction and who passed away two years prior to these recordings.  Marsh’s name might not be as well known these days but he was a primary influence on Braxton’s playing.  For more straight jazz done “in the tradition,” this is one of Braxton’s most conventionally successful.  In a blindfold test this might be harder to pinpoint as a Braxton effort than, say, his Monk tribute album from a couple years prior, exhibiting a sleek and modernized style, similar to, say, The David Murray Octet‘s Ming.  Braxton has multiple other Tristano tribute albums, with this one characterized by both departing from and holding true to the style of Tristano’s original recordings at the same time, with a briskness and brashness that recalls and expands upon Tristano’s legacy in equal measures.  A 1997 recording used a frequently skronkier yet sparser approach, while a 2014 set consistently hewed much closer to the original “cool” style evidenced on old Tristano recordings.


2 Compositions (Ensemble) 1989/1991

2 Compositions (Ensemble) 1989/1991 (1992)


Release Notes: available digitally

Recorded: October 23, 1989, Frankfurt, West Germany; February 23, 1991, 2nd Noiseburger Festival, Bürgerhaus Wilhelmsburg, Hamburg, Germany

Category: Orchestra, Composer/Conductor Only

Difficulty Rating: Medium

Key Track(s): “Composition No. 147”

Review:
A collection of two ensemble pieces recorded two years apart with the Ensemble Modern and TonArt Ensemble (using the name Creative Music Ensemble).  Braxton had been writing for and recording with large “classical” ensembles for quite some time, and a few such recordings appeared on albums going back to the early 1970s.  Much like some work by his friend and influence Ornette Coleman, Braxton’s writing on “Composition No. 147” seems to fit roughly in the camp of post-Second Viennese School “new” music but with a an emphasis on numerical symbology — specifically the number 3.  Then on “Composition No. 151,” with its mixture of written and improvised sections, there is more blending with elements of the jazz tradition, something that Ornette also notably pursued, and which perhaps also resembles Alfred Schnittke, especially through its polystylistic inclinations.  Aside from utilizing solid compositions, these performances are well-executed.  Composers like Braxton and Ornette often struggled to realize performances and recordings of their non-jazz compositions, and when they did it was frequently under sub-optimal conditions, such as without adequate rehearsal time.  Fortunately, these recordings are free of those problems.  The ensembles are all on board with Braxton’s musical ideas, all thoroughly professional, and the performances are recorded well and presented in full.  While some fans lean more toward Braxton’s music with more of a jazz combo format, he was a talented composer and an album like this is well worth a shot — simply adjust expectations going in and don’t expect to hear syncopated rhythms, traded solos, or other familiar trappings of jazz combo music.


Willisau (Quartet) 1991

Willisau (Quartet) 1991 (1992)


Release Notes: studio recordings (only) available digitally as (Willisau) 1991 Studio but live recordings out of print

Recorded: June 2, 4 and 5, 1991, Mohren, Willisau, Switzerland

Category: Small Group

Difficulty Rating: Medium/Difficult

Key Track(s):

Review:


album cover of "(Victoriaville) 1992"

(Victoriaville) 1992 (1993)


Release Notes: available digitally

Recorded: October 10, 1992, Festival International de Musique Actuelle, Victoriaville, Quebec, Canada

Category: Small Group

Difficulty Rating: Medium

Key Track(s): “Composition No 159 (131 + 30 + 147)”

Review:
Although there are a number of second great quartet albums featured in this guide, they might (eventually) come across as exhibiting a very similar style.  But (Victoriaville) 1992 is perhaps a change of pace.  Parts of it echo the sound of The Cecil Taylor Unit.  There are some compositions familiar to the group’s repertoire in play but also newer material.  The music tends toward studies of sonic architectures built from parameters like texture, timbre, and rhythm more so than sustained melodic statements—although there are definitely some melodies.  Sometimes considered one of this band’s more “difficult” recordings, that really is not the best description.  Braxton’s own playing is actually somewhat gentle, for instance.  A better description would be a relentless and almost obsessional concentration on bold, dense, medium-length statements by individual players, who are often operating from different territories in parallel or at least in overlapping fashion without a common time signature.  This recording is also somewhat unique in that it closes with a rendition of John Coltrane‘s “Impressions” even though this quartet’s recordings usually stick exclusively to Braxton compositions.  Bassist Mark Dresser deserves special attention here because he really shines, as does drummer Gerry Hemingway.


Quartet (Santa Cruz) 1993

Quartet (Santa Cruz) 1993 (1997)


Release Notes: available digitally, including as separate first & second set releases

Recorded: July 19, 1993, Kuumbwa Jazz Center, Santa Cruz, CA

Category: Small Group

Difficulty Rating: Medium-difficult

Key Track(s): no specific track, as both discs consist of long suites of music.

Review:
A parting shot from the second great quartet.  This can be seen as the culmination of what Braxton and this band had been working away at over the prior decade, at least in the sense that this tends to be a particular favorite for aficionados drawn to this period of Braxton’s music.  Though a live performance, this is recorded every bit as well as a studio recording.  The music generally follows a pattern of organization, albeit one with a lot of flexibility.  So in the first suite, after a more collective statement Braxton gets time to solo, then he steps aside and Marilyn Crispell takes the spotlight roughly a dozen minutes in, then she drops away too and Mark Dresser and Gerry Hemingway have a duet with Dresser soloing, followed by Hemingway getting some time for a solo statement (with no one else playing).  Then the rest of band re-enters, in reverse order from how the stepped away previously, and then the group moves on to something else, usually in the form of a different composition.   Rinse and repeat.  Andy Warhol notoriously predicted that someday everyone will be famous for fifteen minutes.  While often invoked as a claim to some kind of entitlement to celebrity, in context, it is more a statement about growing emphasis on spectacle and entertainment as well as a comment on expanding equality and social leveling.  But it might be possible to apply that quip to this quartet’s music, as odd as that may seem.  Braxton’s music, presented here as long, continuous, suite-like pieces that combine multiple different discrete compositions, provides a platform in which all the performers have their chance to shine as co-equals.  Opportunities to solo, or to nudge the group in a particular direction, are shared and traded off.  This certainly is not a performance by Braxton and his supporting band but rather by a group working together as a team of distinct individuals.  Yet the performers each retain their ability to contribute individually, and they are performing for an audience meant to be intrigued, dazzled, and amused — if in an intellectual sort of way.  In Franz Kafka‘s short story “Josefine, die Sängerin oder Das Volk der Mäuse [Josephine the Singer, or The Mouse Folk]” he tells of a society of mice in which an entirely ordinary singer, Josephine, is held out as an exception in a way that (re)frames the structure of a society that is otherwise a matter of collective sameness.  This is not what this quartet does — though it might make a closer comparison for some of Braxton’s later-career efforts.  Rather, they operate a bit closer to Warhol’s quip.



The Later Years; MacArthur “Genius” Fellowship; More New Working Methods and Musical Informations: Ghost Trance Music, Sonic Genome, Falling River Musics, Echo Echo Mirror House, ZIM Music, etc.: 1994-present

Braxton developed various new musical techniques and forms in his later years.  Often these expanded and elaborated upon ideas first germinated in the 1980s.  In 1994 he received a MacArthur Fellowship, referred to informally as the “Genius Grant.”  For a considerable time during this period his music revolved around his Ghost Trance Music compositions.  He performed and recorded extensively with his students and former students.  In the 1990s he and his Tri-Centric Foundation operated his own record label Braxton House, which went inactive but was revived along with a new online label New Braxton House in 2011. With the advent of digital releases of recordings the number of his releases that are multiple hours long has proliferated.  There has been no slowing down of either the quantity or intensity of his work compared to anything before.  The Tri-Centric Foundation also continues efforts to preserve and disseminate his work.


Octet (New York) 1995

Octet (New York) 1995 (1997)


Release Notes: available digitally

Recorded: November 24, 1995, Tri-Centric Festival, Knitting Factory, New York, NY

Category: Large Group

Difficulty Rating: Easy-medium

Key Track(s): “Composition No. 188”

Review:
In the mid-1990s, Braxton developed what he called “ghost trance music” (GTM).  The name, and the musical theory, drew in part from native american “ghost dance” music from the late 1800s.   He was drawn to that ritual music tradition as a way of compiling and preserving culture facing decimation, through practices that acted like a curtain with the present performers on one side and ancestors on the other.  His GTM theories were partly a way of surviving academia, with its stifling bureaucracy and petty competitiveness.  But it might also be seen as turning against utopian anarchistic and libertarian thinking as a (destructive or ineffectual) socioeconomic phenomenon during the post-1968 “neoliberal” era and more towards a pragmatic, centralized, “scientific” approach, leavened with a kind of mysticism. He basically shifted from compositional styles developed in the 1980s that — like Ornette‘s “harmolodics” or even AACM music — left a lot unstated in terms of what the performers bring to the table.  The theories and methods Braxton used with the second great quartet(s) still had many black boxes that worked out in performance only when placed in the hands of a certain set of talented musicians already on the same page.  They were thus reliant on a kind of pre-existing social movement to produce a sufficient quantity of those players.  With GTM, he was now looking toward something more comprehensively documented, not in a strict written musical notation sense (even assuming graphical or other non-standard notation) but in terms of establishing definite links between notated materials and performance execution (including cues to performers), while still allowing for open-ended improvisation and some black boxes. It is kind of about the degree of determination and federation that composition and adjacent processes provide without hitting a tipping point where the improvisation becomes too limited and constrained to match the threshold possibilities set out in the 1960s. That he stuck with this approach so long is alone enough to show how important it became to his work.  The very earliest GTM recordings were released on the new Braxton House label, which was set up by Braxton’s Tri-Centric Foundation that was established in 1994 using funds received from a MacArthur Fellowship — known informally as the “genius grant”.  Especially with early GTM compositions and recordings, the general impression is of a sizeable group of musicians playing stepped melodies in unison at a characteristically pulsed rhythm, almost like the group is playing mutant up-and-down sine-wave scales in a roughly homophonic manner, punctuated by individual soloing.  This produces a “primary” melody that never ends.  The performers are all co-equal.  There is no division between featured soloists and backing musicians, and Braxton himself takes on no special role as a performer other than as another part of the collective.  Those elements are as evident on this selection as on any of the other mid-1990s GTM recordings from the Braxton House label, which are all of similar quality and substance.  It is a markedly different sound from much else in the modern jazz tradition; if anything the closest (if still rather distant) analogs would be marching band music and New Orleans “second line” parade music.  While the earliest (species one) GTM efforts can exude some stiffness and formalism, with a lot of repetition, Braxton would later expand and refine GTM over a decade-plus period that spanned different “species” or “classes” that introduced more variation. The current selection is not by any means meant to represent the “best” of GTM. It is represented here because as an early (species one) composition it is potentially easier to comprehend and by being performed with a smaller group it is perhaps more approachable.  Another decent introduction, is GTM (Outpost) 2003, which is a smaller combo recording of second species syntactical GTM with more space for familiar free jazz solos, or even Quintet (London) 2004: Live at the Royal Festival Hall, which is a third species piece on which the rhythm section outnumbers the wind players, or possibly Four Compositions (GTM) 2000, which are second species compositions that are relatively easy to follow.  But if you want class one GTM with strings, try Ensemble (New York) 1995.  If you want GTM with slightly more of a classic jazz feel but also skronkier soloing, try the mostly third species Six Compositions (GTM) 2001.  If you want a heavy emphasis on drone qualities, using circular breathing techniques and bagpipes, try the second species Composition N. 247.  Or if you want third species GTM performed with vocals and electronics, try GTM (Syntax) 2003.  And these just scratch the surface.  There are many GTM recordings available that vary from each other just as much as they share core elements in common.


Nine Compositions (Hill) 2000

Nine Compositions (Hill) 2000 (2001)


Release Notes: Available digitally

Recorded: May 23-24, 2000, The Cadence Building Spirit Room, Redwood, NY

Category: Small Group

Difficulty Rating: Easy

Key Track(s): “Pinnacle,” “Refuge”

Review:
Another lively and highly endearing tribute album, this time honoring Andrew Hill.  If the music of Braxton’s first great quartet(s) from the Arista years is your thing, then Hill’s work as a composer and bandleader should be right up your alley. Hill’s recordings in general, and this tribute too, straddle the inside/outside divide, with enough of an “inside” connection to appeal to skeptics of “outside” music.  Richard Davis, who played and recorded with Hill extensively (including the original recordings of many songs featured here), has said that of all the famous “free jazz” bandleaders he performed or rehearsed with, Andrew Hill was the only one who would show up for a recording session without any preconceived notions.  That is, although Hill tended to compose works with a somewhat conventional head-and-solos format, and he retained connections to conventional tonality, famous free jazz figures known for more “out there” music often had greater pre-planned notions about what their music should sound like.  Their techniques (and relationships to tonality, rhythm, etc.) may have been more idiosyncratic than Hill’s, but, contrary to reputation and surface appearances, their music could be less open and truly spontaneous than it might appear.  This can bear out if you listen to recordings of free improvisers that can sometimes start to sound the same, relying on the same set of techniques over and over again, just metamorphosing.  In an interview, Braxton once said, “In 1967, I gave a solo concert at the Abraham Lincoln Center in Chicago. In that time period, I thought I could approach solo music simply through improvisation. After the first five minutes of the concert, I noticed I was repeating myself. After the second five minutes, I found myself thinking, ‘Well, Braxton, I hate to be the one to say this, but this is horrible’ — and there must be some way to avoid the complexities of existential freedom. Because in fact, I was not interested in freedom or non-freedom. What I wanted was a context where I could evolve my work and have some way to measure change.”  Elsewhere he elaborated, “for myself, I was not so interested in listening to some context of total improvised music where the understanding is whatever happens is okay.  That might have been interesting in the ’60s and early-70s, and I understand that many people are still interested in that.  I salute them.  For myself, I’m interested in taking that breakthrough that occurred and connecting it with a broader understanding of fundamentals in a broader context, like a further defined interaction dynamics, architectural dynamics, philosophical dynamics and ritual and ceremonial dynamics.  The arguments of the free jazz people and the bebop people have become irrelevant to me.”  Others have expressed similar concerns about the risk of completely improvised music being overwhelmed by “melodic obsessions, personal cliches, idea or sound associations, and other autonomisms” (Philippe Carles & Jean-Louis Comolli, Free Jazz/Black Power) or the “dead end” problem that a “totally free piece is a totally free piece, end of concert” (Paul Bley, The Wire, Sept. 2007).  A bit like Hill, Ornette Coleman, and others, Braxton tended to use composition to mediate musical performance and sidestep the trap of repetition.  Anyway, this album manages to stay completely true to the feel of any classic Hill recording while at the same time the performers are able to offer highly personalized soloing that gives this set its own unique character.  There are so many outstanding Hill compositions to choose from that it would be hard to go wrong with any.  So, naturally, the band works from a great batch of songs (with selections from Hill’s Point of DepartureAndrew!!!, One for One, and Eternal Refuge).  The result is one of the warmest and most charming albums in Braxton’s catalog.


album cover of "(Victoriaville) 2005"

(Victoriaville) 2005 (2005)


Release Notes: Available on CD and digitally

Recorded: May 22, 2005, 22e Festival International de Musique Actuelle de Victoriaville, Victoriaville, Quebec, Canada

Category: Small Group

Difficulty Rating: Medium-easy

Key Track(s): “Composition No 345”

Review:
Another ghost trance music performance recorded live at the Victoriaville festival, where Braxton has regularly made appearances for decades.  Gone are the pulsed rhythms and endless step-wise melodies of the early GTM compositions.  This recording provides a little bit of everything.  In the first half, it opens with an idiosyncratically composed group statement, but after about three minutes there are scattered improvisations from different performers.  A few harken back to what Braxton was up to in the 1980s and 90s.  Yet many of the improvisations feature textural shadings more than melodic statements and there are many muted, quiet passages of considerable length that are nonetheless full of microscopic detail, often with just one or two instruments heard, punctuated with interjections by the entire group or sub-groupings of one or two performers.  Eventually things build to a raucous level into the latter half — not entirely unlike some post-rock “epic instrumental” music.  And as the piece progresses, there are more relentless collective improvisations.  There are also computer-generated electronic sounds, an approach Braxton would explore further with his Diamond Curtain Wall groups.  Towards the end of the piece, the music softens and gets quieter again.  This album highlights how Braxton’s interests had expanded from a collage/montage approach that integrated different compositions in a fairly serial manner to add more emphasis on the integration of compositions and performances in parallel.  Rather than just trading solos and rotating time in the spotlight (though there is a bit of that) the performers tend to exert roughly the same influence throughout most of the piece, presenting the music as that of a single (multifaceted) team rather than that of a collection of individuals, with different instruments providing different timbres and coloring and different co-equal sub-groupings providing harmonic and polymelodic depth.  As a sextet, the band is big enough to allow for a variety of different instruments — tuba, violin, bass, saxophones, trumpet, drums, vibraphone, computer electronics, etc. — and the possibility of statements by various sub-groupings, but there are not so many performers as to tend to overwhelm the quieter passages.  In just a single 68-minute piece you get to hear just about everything that later-species GTM was about (other than vocals) performed deftly by musicians with a strong connection to Braxton and his methods.


9 Compositions (Iridium) 2006

9 Compositions (Iridium) 2006 (2007)


Release Notes: available on CD/DVD and digitally

Recorded: March 16-19, 2006, Iridium Jazz Club, New York, NY, (DVD interview from March 17, 2006 at Columbia University, Dodge Hall, New York, NY)

Category: Large Group

Difficulty Rating: Medium

Key Track(s): “Composition No. 350” though any of these pieces should work as well as any other

Review:
Braxton only got better and better in his later years.  And unlike many artists who settle into a comfortable pattern of reliving past successes, he relentlessly expanded and rethought his work.  This lavish and massive box set may seem imposing, but that scope is really just indicative of how much of a focal point these recordings were for this part of his long career.  He’s working with a large ensemble, his 12+1tet, and performing many of his final Ghost Trance Music compositions.  Most of the band members are his students or former students.  These performers know the music and bring a wealth of personality to it.  In many ways, this album is the culmination and fullest realization of certain things Braxton had been working on since his second great quartet was formed in the 1980s.  In short, he has created a context to use and reuse his compositions in a way that places minimal limitations on the performers while maximizing the opportunities for constructive group improvisation.  It is music like this that places Braxton squarely in the Ornette Coleman school that makes composition a mechanism to achieve what purely “free” playing usually doesn’t, by avoiding a feeling of merely endlessly metamorphosing sameness.  He’s also addressing (and consciously avoiding) some of the problems of the “Tyranny of Structurelessness” long ago identified by Jo Freeman, and also described by Karlheinz Stockhausen as the redundancies and non-integration problems left by “spiritual background” anarchism in music.  The large ensemble provides a full palate to work with. He uses “diamond clef” notation of his own devising that allows for any transposition by individual performers  — here is an example from composition no. 342 (not featured on these recordings) using color-coding and other non-standard graphical notations.  Another distinctive feature is the the use of “pulse tracks”, which provide notated passages broken up with brief open periods for free improvisation.  The effect (for example, on parts of “Composition No. 354” and most apparent on other albums like Composition N. 247) can be to have a steady rhythm interrupted by slippery “abruption” interludes — not unlike the opening “Hell” segment of like-minded director Jean-Luc Godard‘s film Notre musique [Our Music] with its images frozen and advanced in stuttering, lurching movements.  This might be as good as any place to start with Braxton, in some ways, and it certainly is a great one.  There is a lot to digest here.  Braxton set a limit for each performance using an hourglass, meaning there is roughly nine hours of music here.  Suffice it to say, while certain passages of each performance may be more appealing than others to listeners, on the whole, all of the compositions and performances in this collection are of a consistently and comparably high quality.  So feel free to jump in anywhere and explore as much or as little as your time and interest permits.


album cover for Composition No. 19 (For 100 Tubas)

Composition No. 19 (For 100 Tubas) (2011)

Release Notes: available digitally

Recorded: June 24, 2006, Battery Park City, World Financial Center, New York, NY

Category: Large Group, Composer/Conductor Only

Difficulty Rating: Medium-easy

Key Track(s): “Composition No. 19”

Review:
This later-career live recording of a reconstructed early-career piece for four tuba marching bands playing simultaneously is characteristic of a certain endearing quality of Anthony Braxton’s music.  The use of all tubas has a gimmicky, almost whimsical quality to in on the surface (note: this is not his only all-tuba composition).  But the surprise is that this is not novelty music at all.  It generally maintains a droning, low-frequency rumble with tremendous timbral and textural depth.  The piece slowly modulates, with brief surges and interjections, tending to de-emphasize melody and rhythm.  Absolutely nothing here sounds anything like familiar marching band music — Braxton has engaged with that elsewhere.  If anything, drone doom metal (like Sunn O)))), electronic and electroacoustic works by Iannis Xenakis, Karlheinz Stockhausen‘s overtone-based vocal piece “Stimmung”, or even the minimalism of someone like Morton Feldman would make better comparisons.  This recording is slightly lo-fi and it really isn’t a landmark by any means — there also appear to have only been about 65 tubas present.  Yet it epitomizes Braxton’s penchant for channeling “serious” and “fun” stuff at the same time, and how such an attitude is a thread that has wound through his many-decade career.


Trio (Victoriaville) 2007

Trio (Victoriaville) 2007 (2007)


Release Notes: available digitally

Recorded: May 20, 2007, Festival International de Musique Actuelle, Victoriaville, Quebec, Canada

Category: Small Group

Difficulty Rating: Medium

Key Track(s): “Composition N° 323c”

Review:
Recorded by Braxton’s Diamond Curtain Wall Trio, which uses the SuperCollider software program during performance, this is something of an alternate path from Ghost Trance Music.  Rather than focusing on composition as the primary guiding and organizational force pushing the music along, the software program moderates the interactions of the performers to a significant degree.  Performers are presented with Braxton’s graphical Falling River Music notation (here’s an example photo of a different piece), and the SuperCollider software plays audio patches that Braxton has developed.  The resultant music is a little more dynamic — or at least ominous — than a lot of Ghost Trance Music.  Braxton had along a lot of his largest saxophones, and they make commanding appearances.  Braxton plays so well here you would hardly guess at his advancing years.  This trio is also special in that Mary Halvorson (g) and Taylor Ho Bynum (t) are two of the most notable performers to play regularly with Braxton in his later years.


Beyond Quantum

Anthony Braxton / Milford Graves / William ParkerBeyond Quantum (2008)


Release Notes: available on CD and digitally

Recorded: May 11, 2008, Orange Music Sound Studio, West Orange, NJ

Category: Small Group

Difficulty Rating:

Key Track(s):

Review:


Quartet (Moscow) 2008

Quartet (Moscow) 2008 (2008)


Release Notes: available on CD and digitally

Recorded: June 29, 2008, DOM Cultural Center, Moscow, Russian Federation

Category: Small Group

Difficulty Rating: Medium

Key Track(s): “Composition 367B”

Review:
The format of this Diamond Curtain Wall Quartet recording from Moscow — that’s Braxton grinning in front of Lenin‘s tomb on the album cover — alternates between collective improvisations and individual soloist performances.  The focus is on free and open yet orderly improvisation guided by highly abstract graphical notation.  There are no pronounced melodies to speak of.  The individual solos sometimes involve the other performers dropping completely away, or else providing a kind of sonic texture along with electronic sounds from a computer.  The computer-generated sounds are most apparent only at the very beginning of the performance and are much subtler later on.  There is no rhythm section in this combo, and even though there is guitar it is utilized for other purposes.  When supporting foreground solos, the performers in the background tend to follow an approach more like that of an orchestra behind a featured soloist.  Of course, everyone rotates through background and foreground roles.  What makes this particular recording stand out is the strength of the performances all around, managing to sound contemporary with a slightly ominous edge.


Trillium J album cover

Trillium J (2016)


Release Notes: available on CD+Blu-Ray and digitally

Recorded: April 19, 2014, Roulette, New York, NY; April 21 and 22, 2014, Avatar Studios, New York, NY

Category: Orchestra, Composer/Conductor Only

Difficulty Rating: Medium-difficult

Key Track(s): “Act 2”

Review:
Braxton has for a long time written operas.  He long planned to write 36 single-act operas, with up to five grouped together.  The individual acts have their own
characters, settings, and plots, independent of the others.  The very first performance of one was of Trillium A in the mid-1980s as part of his early work as an academic, but it was a limited staging.  The first full performance of one, Trillium R, was in the mid-1990s, something that was helped along by receipt of MacArthur Foundation funds (plus the work of associates to secure necessary funding).  These were followed by Trillium E and then Trillium J.  Trillium X has not yet been staged, and Trillium L is likely still unfinished.  What most clearly distinguishes these works from nearly everything else Braxton has done is the use of libretto.  What this allows is for Braxton to convey (somewhat) more explicitly certain cultural/socio-political and economic information.  Some of the broader strokes seem a bit like extensions of “world system(s)” theories by Samir Amin, Immanuel Wallerstein, and others.  These operas reference specific historical milieu and people, and draw from popular TV shows and movies, yet jump around in a disjointed, non-chronological timeline (even within a given act) using universal “everyman” or “everywoman” characters.  But things lean toward dreamy, mystical, and esoteric elements in which “nothing is as it appears,” as Braxton puts it.  Katherine Young has noted the opera’s “elusive, perhaps inoperative, yet persistent striving for community provid[ing a] . . . poignant blend of optimism and pessimism . . .” built on a belief in “transformative potential.”  His operas each focus on different concepts explained in his Tri-Axium Writings, and drawing from its jargon, with Trillium J (The Non-Unconfessionables) primarily dealing with his concept of “affinity”, which might partly be understood as a kind of self-realization, individual awareness, and sense of life-purpose in the context of wider social reality dynamics.  This comes through as critiques of commercialism, political repression, violence and gangsterism, and more.  In stagings, Braxton has emphasized a hierarchy in which conveying the text is most important, followed by rhythm and then everything else.  Although he also structures these works to be inclusive events that are partly the creation of the performers and “friendly experiencers” are drawn in to community-building efforts too (Braxton’s Composer Notes even indicate as-yet unrealized possibilities for experiencers to guide their own ways through the performance, and essentially become a part of it, by selecting what they see and hear relying on “drone surveillance options” and “video replay options” through multi-perspective audiovideo feeds from the performers carrying/wearing individual recording equipment).  The musical approach is ritualistic and ceremonial, continuing from what he explored with Composition No. 95 for Two Pianos.  There is considerable influence from Wagner‘s Der Ring des Nibelungen opera cycle, especially the grandiosity of scale and intensity, and Stockhausen‘s Sirius opera, his Licht opera cycle plus other works, but also influences from or similarities to Sprechgesang, Duke Ellington‘s jazz-orchestra compositions, Nam June Paik and Charlotte Moorman‘s Fluxus happenings, Bob Dylan‘s hippie/beatnik-carnival Rolling Thunder Revue, and much more.  Of course, Braxton’s combinatorial experiments also continue through these operatic works too.  For instance, apart from the use of recognizable operatic signing there is a square dance segment in Act One of Trillium J, which is set during the post Civil War Reconstruction Era.  A third of the way through Act Four there is also a wordless, unaccompanied collective vocal section that is both operatic and unoperatic, utilizing the step-wise formulations of syntactical GTM together with on-stage double dutch jump-roping that sets the choir’s rhythmic tempo—this stands out as a particularly memorable part of Trillium J.  Throughout, there is a loose adherence to tonality without actually being bound to it.  There are, as well, varying amounts of improvisation utilized in these works, and opportunities for singers and instrumentalists to operate without fully fixed relationships.  Braxton describes his Trillium works as a “‘negotiated fantasy world’ that pivots between the vocalist/solo instrumentalists and the conductor (or the conductor and the orchestra) . . . .”  On top of the music elements are also visual elements of stagings, including sets, costumes, dance choreography, lighting, and still/video image projections.  For instance, what may not be clear from merely listening to an audio-only recording is that some of the characters in Act Two are anthropomorphic worker animals.

Braxton’s operas are just one more facet of his work.  Experiencers fully on board with one or more of his other methodologies might not immediately gravitate to them.  Mark Twain attended the Bayreuth Wagner festival and afterward joked in a 1891 newspaper article that “singing” seemed like the wrong word for what he heard.  No doubt a few Trillium experiencers will feel a bit like Twain at Bayreuth.  But for opera aficionados, anyone looking to go a few steps deeper into Braxton’s oeuvre, or even fans of genre-defying music like Scott Walker‘s Tilt, these works might be worth investigating.  And they are an important aspect of Braxton’s overall musical project if for no other reason that they sort-of combine some of his writings/interviews and music (plus theater) into an integrated package, which is an intriguing proposition unto itself.  Like other Braxton efforts, these operas push the limits of genre boundaries in an effort to be trans-genre, trans-cultural, etc.  To date, all stagings of his operas have been effectively self-organized, without production support or other involvement of any established opera companies, which might put into context the prevailing form of cultural hegemony (in the Gramscian sense) or dominant class’s social structures (in the sense of Bourdieu’s sociology) and Braxton’s position outside it.  But Katherine Young rightly calls the Trillium operas an expression of how Braxton’s work as a whole presents “a model for how to build a socially conscious creative practice”, and, by contrast, the dominant operatic institutions that largely ignore him are by implication not as socially conscious.  So, another way to look at this is that Braxton’s inclusive perspective stands in contrast to, and something of a challenge to, the at least tacitly exclusionary practices of established institutions.  Or are we to believe that operas Braxton’s are just not good enough?  Or perhaps that they are just not commercial enough? Just a way of presenting music under the most “absurdly expensive & pretentious performance conditions” (to adapt a quote by a critic of a Stockhausen piece)?  Decide for yourself, although Braxton’s intentions go well beyond that even if there is a kernel of truth to such criticisms.  Anyway, he has said, “The underground is great once you get used to it.”


Anthony Braxton / Eugene ChadbourneDuo (Improv) 2017 (2020)


Release Notes: available on CD and digitally

Recorded: November 27-30, 2017, Firehouse 12, New Haven, CT

Category: Small Group, Collaboration

Difficulty Rating: Difficult

Key Track(s): Since there are just eight CD-length tracks, any of them will suffice. You’ll know within two minutes of hearing any of them if this is for you.

Review:
A collection of eight freely improvised performances by Braxton and Chadbourne, each one just short of an hour long.  This set proves to be a particularly delightful pairing.  The performers go back a long time, and Braxton was actually the person who had convinced Chadbourne to start his solo career decades prior.  Spontaneous, totally free performances might not be to everyone’s liking, but this collection offers an excellent example.  As stated in the liner notes to the similar Quartet (New Haven) 2014 (which is also worth hearing), “It is probably true that in a world of unlimited resources and infinite time, Braxton would record a duo album with every interesting musician he ever met.”  Even though he has been performing music like this for roughly a half century, he has lost nothing in terms of adventurousness and still manages to engage in new and fresh ways with the possibilities of free jazz.  Chadbourne plays banjo much of the time, but also prepared guitar (inserting objects among the strings much like in a John Cage prepared piano piece) and electric guitar.  Braxton plays an assortment of saxophones plus contrabass clarinet.  The contrasts between Braxton’s single-line wind instruments and Chadbourne’s string instruments that allow for chords and — especially in the case of the banjo and prepared guitar — opportunities for percussive rhythmic statements really add interest.  Distortion effects on Chadbourne’s electric guitar also contribute a lot to the proceedings, sounding like all sorts of things from the 1970s fusion to drone doom metal to reverb/vibrato overtone studies.  Despite the absence of any previously-devised compositions, these veteran improvisers manage to make interesting melodic and harmonic statements.  Though, thankfully, there is plenty of joyful noise here too.  At nearly eight hours in length, this one might seem pretty daunting.  But it is possible to approach it piecemeal.  There is really no beginning, middle or end, for that matter, so listeners could easily jump in and out anywhere they choose.  And listening to only a portion of this is still just fine and will still provide rewards.  Listeners can still get a lot out of even brief portions of these intriguing musical interactions.  In the end, this release is a celebration of playing music and conversing though sound.  If that seems like navel-gazing or too self-indulgent to you, then perhaps other albums will be more to your liking.



Top 5’s From Syd and Patrick

We have each picked our top five favorite Braxton albums and five songs from albums not featured on the list above, as a sort of alternate ways to look at his catalog.  Consider this a shortened way for us to recommend some good records and songs to a newcomer.  For clarification, any single “songs” that make up an entire album are excluded from the five song selections lists below, and are only represented in the album picks.

FIVE FAVORITE ALBUMS

Syd (listed chronologically):
RBN—-3° K12
The Montreux / Berlin Concerts
For Two Pianos
9 Compositions (Iridium) 2006
Trio (Victoriaville) 2007
(I would have picked Conference of the Birds but it didn’t seem right to include one where Braxton is not the leader or co-leader)

Patrick:
For Alto
Five Pieces 1975
Creative Orchestra (Köln) 1978
Quartet (Santa Cruz) 1993
(and let me get back to you on that elusive fifth one — too many great choices)

FIVE SONG SELECTIONS FROM OTHER ALBUMS

Syd (listed chronologically):
“Comp. 40P” from Duets 1976
“Maple Leaf Rag” from Duets 1976
“Round Bout Midnight” from 19 [Solo] Compositions, 1988
“Composition 286” from Six Compositions (GTM) 2001
Composition 339” from GTM (Syntax) 2003

Patrick:
TBA


Legend:

Categories:
Solo
Small Group (Duos, Trios, Quartets, Quintets, Sextets)
Large Group (Septets, Octets, Ninetets, 12tets, etc.)
Orchestra
Sideman
Collaboration
Composer/Conductor Only (does not perform)

Difficulty Rating:
A fairly objective view of how challenging the music is in relation to other Braxton recordings.  If you want a challenge, by all means start at the “difficult” level records and work your way out from there.  If you want something more in line with traditional jazz or something more easily digested, you might steer toward the “easy” titles and gauge your responses from there.  We both feel that there is a lot of good music in all three categories.


What’s Next?

Support Anthony Braxton! – Braxton is still performing and recording.  Go see him perform!  Buy his records!

Restructures – Anthony Braxton Discography – Extensive (but not exhaustive) online discography compiled by Jason Guthartz, also featuring an essay and review archive and some links to Braxton’s compositional notes (last updated in 2016 and defunct as of 2021)

Anthony Braxton Discography (by Francesco Martinelli)

http://jazzdiscography.com/Artists/Braxton/index.html – Extensive (but not exhaustive) “sessionography” (see also Circle)

Catalog of Works (from The Tri-Centric Foundation)

The Tri-Centric Foundation – official site.  Offers a catalog and scores for sale, research papers, a “Resources” page, tour information, plus a selection of free downloads of a few archival recordings.  The Foundation also offers subscriptions to a free e-mail newsletter.

Braxton Musical Systems – brief introductions to a few of the various musical systems (compositional/performance methods) Braxton has used, particularly from the 1990s onward.

Braxton House – Braxton’s own label, later revived as New Braxton House

New Braxton House – Braxton and the Tri-Centric Foundation’s current label, offering albums in physical format and as digital downloads

Forces in Motion: The Music and Thoughts of Anthony Braxton [A/K/A Forces in Motion: Anthony Braxton and the Meta-Reality of Creative Music] (by Graham Lock) – this document of a 1985 tour of England with extensive interviews of Braxton is probably the place to start if you want to read about Braxton.  There is a 30th anniversary edition available with a new chapter

The Tri-Axium Writings (Vols. I-III) – Braxton’s essentially self-published writings, tending toward the philosophical and touching on many subjects

Composition Notes A-E – Braxton’s essentially self-published guide to his compositional methods

Research Papers – Archive of papers written by Anthony Braxton

The Anthony Braxton Collection – Archive of materials held by the Black Metropolis Research Consortium libraries in Chicago

New Musical Figurations: Anthony Braxton’s Cultural Critique (by Ronald Radano)

The Music of Anthony Braxton [A/K/A Music of Anthony Braxton (The Excelsior Profile Series of American Composers)] (by Mike Heffley)

Time and Anthony Braxton (by Stuart Broomer)

Blutopia: Visions of the Future and Revisions of the Past in the Work of Sun Ra, Duke Ellington, and Anthony Braxton (by Graham Lock)

Mixtery: A Festschrift for Anthony Braxton (Graham Lock, ed.)

Anthony Braxton: Sein Leben, Sein Musik, Sein Schallplatten (by Peter Niklas Wilson)

A Discography & Bibliography Of Anthony Braxton (by Hans Wachtmeister)

“Grand Master Flash,” Brian Morton, The Wire, Issue 252, February 2005, pp. 28-35.

“Anthony Braxton, February 5 1995, WKCR-FM, New York”

“Avant-Garde Legend Anthony Braxton on His ‘Trans-Idiomatic’ Improv Odyssey,” Hank Shteamer, Rolling Stone, June 18, 2019

“Mystical Discipline: Anthony Braxton Interviewed,” Stewart Smith, The Quietus, June 15, 2021

“Anthony Braxton: Ghost Trance Music — Mapping the Systems of the Jazz Musician’s Sound,” Seth Colter Walls, Red Bull Music Academy, May 6, 2016

“A Ritual of Openness. The (Meta-)Reality of Anthony Braxton’s Ghost Trance Music,” Kobe Van Cauwenberghe, FORUM+, vol. 28 no. 1, pp. 48-57, Winter 2021

“Nothing Is as It Appears: Anthony Braxton’s Trillium J,” Katherine Young (June 29, 2018)

Sound American 16: The Anthony Braxton Issue

“A Guide to Anthony Braxton’s Robust Jazz Discography on Bandcamp”

“Shfl Guides: Anthony Braxton”

“Anthony Braxton” (guide to early recordings)

Beginner’s Guide to Anthony Braxton (video guide)

“Anthony Braxton: Small Groups, Solos, & Creative Music Orchestras – 60 (+11) Albums 1967-93”

The Lollipop of Science (O Pirulito da Ciência): A Defective Guide to Tom Zé (Um guia com defeito para Tom Zé)

A guide to the music of Tom Zé.  His professional musical career spanned half a century (and counting), though today many of his recordings are out of print — even in his native Brazil.  What is available in the United States tends to skew toward his later recordings, which has the unfortunate effect of placing some of his finest material out of reach.  His solo recordings are listed below divided into two time periods.  His collaborations are listed separately — some being mere guest appearances while other are more extensive.  Pursuant to the legend below, ratings are assigned to each, though Zé hardly has any bad releases so bear in mind these are just relative assessments.  Links to other resources, including books and films, are provided at the end.

This is still under construction.


Sung and Spoken Journalism (Imprensa cantada e falada): A Brief Introduction

 

Birth Name: Antonio José Santana Martins

Born: October 11, 1936, Irará, Bahia, Brazil

 

Antonio José Santana Martins, who adopted the stage name Tom Zé, was born in the dry interior region of the Brazilian state of Bahia.  He has described his hometown of Irará as “pre-Gutenbergian” (in reference to the inventor of the movable type printing press).  His father won the lottery, which allowed his family to live comfortably in an otherwise poor and arid rural region.  He moved to Salvador, the largest city in Bahia located along the Atlantic coast, to attend the University of Bahia.  He studied music.  He had an interest in composers like John Cage and Charles Ives.  Although Brazil had a troubled legacy as a former Portuguese colony (and briefly was the seat of the Portuguese capital), and was the last country in the western hemisphere to ban slavery, social democratic president João Goulart made some modest reforms and the Brazilian universities recruited professors from Europe to bolster their musical (and other) programs.  A military coup in 1964, supported by the United States, overthrew Goulart and installed a series of military “presidents” who ruled until 1985.  Zé relocated to São Paulo, was associated with a collection of leftist intellectuals in the 1960s, and became part of the tropicália (A/K/A tropicalismo) movement, the most prominent members (tropicalistas) of which were mostly Bahian too.  The (AI5) “coup within a coup” in 1968 brought harsher treatment of leftists and some of the tropicalistas.  While considered a key part of tropicália, he also seemed outside it at the same time, never contained by its key precepts despite his obvious sympathies and contributions.  His career faltered as the 1970s wore on.  By the 1990s he was considering working at a gas station when he was approached by the U.S. musician David Byrne (of Talking Heads), who had come across a Zé record and later sought him out (with the help of Brazilian-raised musician Arto Lindsay) to sign him to a new label.  Byrne was largely responsible for reviving Zé’s commercial career and introducing him to international audiences.  Though in many respects, Zé’s albums on Bryne’s Luaka Bop label are somewhat over-represented in English-speaking countries.

Caetano Veloso has described Zé’s tenaciously archaic yet inventive approach to music as “bizarrely elegant” and his attitude (reflected in his music too) as having an “ironic, distant sense of humor” that is “at once intimate and estranged[.]”  An incident on a plane that Veloso recounts is a fitting summary of a common effect of Zé’s music, when Zé made an absurd request for a particular drink (cachaça) on the plane, then, when it was not available, demanded the stewardess to stop the “caravel” (mid-flight) so he could leave, noting, “we were unnerved by the determination with which [the demand] was made, the sheer imposition of his will.”  Veloso was impressed with how “the sincerity of [Zé’s] defiance exposed the absurd pretense of refinement” around him.  This was in so many ways a fitting metonym for the entire tropicália movement.  (The anecdote also recalls Bertolt Brecht’s short story “Geschichte auf einem Schiff [Story on a Ship]”).  Recurring themes in Zé’s music involve tilting against colonial legacies (in the sense of Frantz Fanon) and making demands that emerge from leftist ideologies deemed impossible in his own time.  Zé considers himself a performer of limited means.  He has referred to at least some of what he does as sung and spoken journalism.  In the 1970s he experimented with what can be called a homemade sampler, and has long utilized homemade instruments (like Harry Partch, or Tom Waits in the mid-1980s and early 90s).

After his comeback in the early 1990s, the influence of animated Brazilian folk dance musics from northern regions, like the forró and coco of Luiz Gonzaga and especially Jackson do Pandeiro, were more apparent in his own recordings.  He continued working long after others would consider retirement.  There is a tenacious sense of experimentation that is constant throughout Tom Zé’s career.  He has toured internationally, though availability of his albums outside Brazil can be limited, even his most famous recordings.



Solo, Part I: Bahia to São Paulo


Tom Zé

Tom Zé (1968)


Release Notes: available on CD, vinyl and digitally as Grande Liquidação

Recorded:

Personnel:

Producer(s): João Araújo

Tier: ♻♻

Key Track(s): “São São Paulo”

Review:   Continue reading “The Lollipop of Science (O Pirulito da Ciência): A Defective Guide to Tom Zé (Um guia com defeito para Tom Zé)”